全国人大常委会工作报告双语版（十四届）
2024
[编辑]| 全国人民代表大会常务委员会工作报告 (2024) | NPCSC Work Report (2024) |
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| 各位代表：
我受全国人大常委会委托，向大会报告工作，请予审议。 |
Fellow Deputies,
On behalf of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (NPC), I now present this report on its work for your deliberation. |
| 过去一年的工作 | The Year in Review |
| 2023年是全面贯彻党的二十大精神的开局之年。面对异常复杂的国际环境和艰巨繁重的改革发展稳定任务，以习近平同志为核心的党中央团结带领全国各族人民，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，顶住外部压力、克服内部困难，顽强拼搏、勇毅前行，新冠疫情防控实现平稳转段，经济持续回升向好，社会大局保持稳定，高质量发展扎实推进，全面建设社会主义现代化国家迈出坚实步伐。 | The year 2023 was the first year in which we fully implemented the guiding principles from the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC). In the face of an unusually complex international environment and the challenging tasks of advancing reform and development and ensuring stability, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core brought together the Chinese people of all ethnic groups and led them in following the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability, withstanding external pressure, overcoming internal difficulties, and forging ahead with fortitude and tenacity.
As a result, China secured a smooth transition in Covid-19 response, achieved continued economic recovery and growth, ensured social stability, and took concrete steps to promote high-quality development. Solid progress has thus been made in building a modern socialist country in all respects. |
| 过去一年，是十四届全国人大常委会依法履职的第一年。常委会全面学习贯彻党的二十大精神，准确把握新时代新征程赋予人大的使命任务，主动适应发展大势和时代要求，深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，坚守人大工作的大方向、大原则、大道理。一是坚持党的全面领导特别是党中央集中统一领导，保证党的理论、路线、方针政策和决策部署在人大工作中得到全面贯彻执行；二是自觉用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想武装头脑、指导实践、推动工作，把学习贯彻习近平法治思想、习近平总书记关于坚持和完善人民代表大会制度的重要思想作为依法履职的基本功；三是坚定不移走中国特色社会主义政治发展道路，坚持好、完善好、运行好人民代表大会制度；四是践行和发展全过程人民民主，保证人大各项工作体现人民意志、保障人民权益、与人民同心同向；五是坚持全面依法治国，弘扬社会主义法治精神，全面推进国家各方面工作法治化；六是稳中求进推动人大工作高质量发展，为以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业提供法治保障。 | The past year was the first year in which the Standing Committee of the 14th NPC performed its functions in accordance with the law. We fully studied and implemented the guiding principles from the 20th National Party Congress, grasped the missions and tasks of the people’s congresses on our new journey in the new era, and adapted to the general trend of development and the demands of our times.
We acquired a deep understanding of the decisive significance of establishing Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and establishing the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We became more conscious of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment with the central Party leadership. We stayed confident in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics. We upheld Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and upheld the Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership. Throughout the year, we stayed true to the following six principles that guide the work of the people’s congresses: The first is to uphold the overall leadership of the Party, especially the centralized, unified leadership of its central committee, and ensure that the Party’s theories, lines, principles, policies, decisions, and plans are fully implemented in the work of the people’s congresses. The second is to use Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era to equip our minds, guide our initiatives, and advance our work as we make studying and implementing Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law and his key ideas on upholding and improving the people’s congress system an essential prerequisite for carrying out our duties in accordance with the law. The third is to remain firmly committed to socialist political advancement with Chinese characteristics and uphold, improve, and run the people’s congress system to good effect. The fourth is to practice and develop whole-process people’s democracy and ensure that all initiatives of the people’s congresses embody the will of the people, protect their rights and interests, and are aligned with their needs and wishes. The fifth is to uphold comprehensive law-based governance, promote socialist rule of law, and ensure that all work of the state is carried out under the rule of law. The sixth is to promote high-quality development in the work of people’s congresses in accordance with the principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability and provide legal guarantees for building a great country and advancing national rejuvenation on all fronts through Chinese modernization. |
| 一年来，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，常委会深入贯彻落实中央人大工作会议精神，认真贯彻落实十四届全国人大一次会议精神，坚持党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一，认真履行宪法法律赋予的职责，推动人大工作取得新进展新成效，实现良好开局。 | This past year, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, we acted on the guiding principles from the Central People’s Congress Work Conference in 2021 and the first session of the 14th National People’s Congress, stayed true to the unity of leadership by the Party, the running of the country by the people, and law-based governance, and performed our functions as stipulated in the Constitution and the law. We made fresh progress and achieved new results in the work of the people’s congresses, thus getting off to a good start. |
| 一、弘扬宪法精神、履行宪法使命，提高宪法实施和监督水平 | 1. Promoting the spirit of the Constitution, fulfilling our constitutional missions, and improving our competence in implementing and overseeing compliance with the Constitution |
| 宪法是国家的根本法，是党和人民意志的集中体现，具有最高的法律地位、法律权威、法律效力。常委会认真履行保证宪法实施、加强宪法监督的法定职责，把宪法实施和监督、宪法宣传教育贯穿到立法、监督、决定、任免、代表等各方面工作中，坚定维护宪法权威和尊严，维护国家法治统一。 | The Constitution is the fundamental law of China. It is the concentrated embodiment of the will of the Party and the people, and it enjoys supreme legal status, legal authority, and legal force.
Over the past year, we faithfully performed our statutory duties of ensuring the implementation of the Constitution and strengthening oversight of its compliance. We incorporated implementation of the Constitution, oversight of constitutional compliance, and public outreach and education regarding the Constitution into all aspects of our work, including legislation, oversight, decision-making, the appointment and removal of officials, and deputy-related work. We firmly safeguarded the authority and sanctity of the Constitution and upheld uniform implementation of the rule of law. |
| 健全保证宪法实施的法律制度。宪法的生命在于实施，宪法的权威也在于实施，全面贯彻实施宪法是全面依法治国、建设社会主义法治国家的首要任务和基础性工作。常委会坚持依宪立法，全面发挥宪法在立法中的核心地位功能，每一个立法环节都把好宪法关，努力使每一项立法都符合宪法精神、体现宪法权威、保证宪法实施。完善宪法相关法律制度，制定爱国主义教育法，坚持爱国和爱党、爱社会主义高度统一，落实宪法关于开展爱国主义教育、维护国家统一和民族团结等规定，培育和增进全体人民对中华民族大家庭和伟大祖国的情感，铸牢中华民族共同体意识；两次审议国务院组织法修订草案，并决定提请本次大会审议，这是落实国家机构组织法定原则、保障国务院依宪依法履行职责、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重大举措。 | We improved the legal framework for ensuring the implementation of the Constitution.
The very life of the Constitution lies in its implementation, from which its authority also stems. Full implementation of the Constitution is a primary task and foundational work for comprehensive law-based governance and the development of China into a socialist country under the rule of law. Adhering to the principle of enacting laws in accordance with the Constitution, we fully leveraged the central role of the Constitution in legislation and ensured that the Constitution is observed throughout the entire legislative process, so that each and every law adopted complies with the spirit of the Constitution, reflects its authority, and ensures its implementation. We worked to improve the legal framework pertaining to the Constitution. We enacted a patriotic education law to instill in the people undivided love for the country, the Party, and socialism and implement constitutional provisions on patriotic education, national unity, and ethnic solidarity. Our goal was to nurture and promote closer bonds among the entire Chinese people with their motherland and their nation as a big family, thus forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation. We conducted two rounds of deliberation on the draft revisions to the Organic Law of the State Council, which will be submitted to this session for deliberation. This is an important step in implementing the principle of legality in the organization of state institutions, ensuring that the State Council performs its functions in accordance with the Constitution and the law, and advancing the modernization of China’s system and capacity for governance. |
| 加强宪法监督工作。宪法是国家政治和社会生活的最高法律规范，一切法律法规和规范性文件都不得同宪法相抵触，一切违反宪法法律的行为都必须予以纠正。合宪性审查、备案审查是人大加强宪法监督的重要抓手。常委会深入推进合宪性审查工作，对所有提请审议的法律案进行合宪性审查，对法规、司法解释等规范性文件中的合宪性、涉宪性问题进行审查研究，推动制定机关纠正不符合宪法规定、原则、精神的规范性文件。加强备案审查工作，作出关于完善和加强备案审查制度的决定，坚持有件必备、有备必审、有错必纠，对报送备案的1753件行政法规、地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例、司法解释、特别行政区本地法律等规范性文件进行主动审查，对公民、组织提出的2878件审查建议逐一研究，督促制定机关修改或废止规范性文件260多件。为保证黄河保护法、青藏高原生态保护法有效实施，推动有关方面对相关规范性文件开展集中清理。探索备案审查案例指导工作。推动地方人大法规规章规范性文件数据库建设。 | We strengthened oversight to ensure compliance with the Constitution.
The Constitution is the highest legal norm of political and social activities in our nation. No other law, regulation, or normative document may contradict the Constitution, and all actions must be corrected if they are in violation of the Constitution and the law. Constitutional review and normative document recording and review are important means for the NPC to oversee the implementation of the Constitution. We brought the work of constitutional review to a new depth. We conducted constitutional review of all of the draft laws submitted for deliberation, examined and studied issues regarding the constitutionality and constitutional implementation in regulations, judicial interpretations, and other normative documents, and pushed relevant formulating bodies to correct their normative documents in conflict with the provisions, principles, or the spirit of the Constitution. We improved the recording and review of normative documents. We made a decision on improving and strengthening the recording and review system. We continued to follow the practice of putting on record all documents that are subject to recording, reviewing all recorded documents, and correcting all errors identified. We reviewed all 1,753 normative documents submitted for recording, including administrative regulations, local regulations, autonomous regulations and separate regulations, judicial interpretations, and local laws of the special administrative regions. We examined 2,878 suggestions for review made by citizens and organizations. In doing so, we urged relevant formulating bodies to revise or rescind more than 260 normative documents. To ensure the effective implementation of the Yellow River Protection Law and the Law on Ecological Conservation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, we pushed the parties concerned to overhaul relevant normative documents. We explored methods of using typical cases to guide recording and review work and supported local people’s congresses in building databases of their regulations, rules, and other normative documents. |
| 深化宪法宣传教育。宪法的根基在于人民发自内心的拥护，宪法的伟力在于人民出自真诚的信仰。常委会坚持宪法实施、宣传、教育一体推进，不断提升中国宪法理论和实践的说服力、影响力。在第十个国家宪法日，学习贯彻习近平总书记重要指示精神，召开“弘扬宪法精神，加强宪法实施，为强国建设、民族复兴提供宪法保障”座谈会，坚定宪法自信，培育宪法文化，推动宪法实施成为全体人民的自觉行动。发挥人大代表在模范遵守宪法、带头宣传宪法、推动宪法实施中的作用。结合当代中国宪法制度和宪法实践，加强中国特色社会主义宪法理论研究和宣传教育，讲好中国宪法故事。 | We stepped up public outreach and education regarding the Constitution.
The foundation of the Constitution is built upon the sincere support of the people, and the strength of the Constitution comes from their genuine faith. We took a holistic approach to constitutional implementation, public outreach, and education and worked to make China’s Constitution-related theories and practices more compelling and influential. Following General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important instructions on the Constitution, we held a symposium marking the 10th National Constitution Day on December 4, 2023 in order to promote the spirit of the Constitution, strengthen the implementation of the Constitution, and provide a constitutional guarantee for building China into a great country and advancing national rejuvenation. This is part of our efforts to build firm confidence in our Constitution, foster a Constitutional culture, and help all of our people become more mindful of complying with the Constitution. We gave full play to the role of NPC deputies in exemplarily abiding by the Constitution, taking the lead in promoting public awareness regarding the Constitution, and advancing its implementation. In line with the current constitutional system and practices, we stepped up research on the socialist constitutional theory with Chinese characteristics, strengthened public outreach and education in this regard, and spread inspiring stories to the people about China’s Constitution. |
| 行使宪法赋予的任免权。任免专门委员会副主任委员和委员、代表资格审查委员会组成人员、常委会副秘书长、常委会工作机构负责人、港澳基本法委员会组成人员共55人次，任免和决定任免国务院、中央军事委员会、最高人民法院、最高人民检察院等工作人员251人次。组织7次宪法宣誓仪式，激励和教育国家工作人员忠于宪法、尊崇宪法、维护宪法。 | We exercised our constitutional power of appointment and removal.
We made 55 appointments and removals of vice chairpersons and members of NPC special committees, members of the Credentials Committee, deputy secretary-generals of the Standing Committee, persons in charge of the Standing Committee working bodies, and members of the Committee on the HKSAR Basic Law and the Committee on the Macao SAR Basic Law. We approved or decided on 251 appointments and removals of officials of the State Council, the Central Military Commission, the Supreme People’s Court, and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate. We organized seven ceremonies for officials to pledge allegiance to the Constitution as they took office in order to encourage our public servants to be loyal to the Constitution, respect the Constitution, and uphold the Constitution. |
| 做好代表资格审查工作。补选全国人大代表3人，终止代表资格24人。目前，十四届全国人大实有代表2956人。 | We performed well in examining the qualifications of the deputies. We confirmed the by-election results for 3 deputies to the NPC and terminated the credentials of 24 deputies. Currently, the NPC has 2,956 deputies. |
| 二、抓住提高立法质量这个关键，推动中国特色社会主义法律体系更加科学完备、统一权威 | 2. Improving the quality of legislation and better designing the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics to be more complete, unified, and authoritative |
| 立法是为国家定规矩、为社会定方圆的神圣工作。常委会认真行使国家立法权，加强重点领域、新兴领域、涉外领域立法，健全国家治理急需、满足人民美好生活需要必备、维护国家安全所急的法律制度。一年来，共审议法律案34件，通过其中21件，包括制定法律6件、修改法律8件、作出有关法律问题和重大问题的决定7件。终止审议法律案1件。决定批准或加入条约、重要协定10件。目前，我国现行有效的法律共300件。 | Legislation is of sacred value as it sets the rules for our country and society. We conscientiously exercised our country’s legislative power, bolstering legislation in key areas, emerging areas, and areas involving foreign affairs and improving laws that are urgently needed for national governance, necessary for meeting the people’s needs for a better life, and imperative for safeguarding national security.
Over the past year, we deliberated on 34 items of legislation and adopted 21 of them, which include 6 new laws, 8 revised laws, and 7 decisions on legal issues and major matters, and we terminated deliberation on 1 item of legislation. We also made decisions on ratifying or entering into 10 treaties and important agreements. Currently, China has 300 laws in effect. |
| 编制和实施立法规划。委员长会议组成人员主持召开8场座谈会，听取省（区、市）人大常委会、中央和国家机关、人大代表、专家学者的意见建议。认真梳理代表议案建议，向177个中央和地方单位征集立法项目建议。在深入调研论证的基础上，编制十四届全国人大常委会立法规划，报请党中央批准并转发实施。立法规划对本届立法工作作出统筹部署，其中一类项目79件、二类项目51件，还有一些需要研究论证的三类项目，并对推动条件成熟的立法领域法典编纂工作、建议提请全国人民代表大会审议的法律案作出安排。召开全国人大常委会立法工作会议、全国地方立法工作座谈会，部署落实立法规划，加强和改进新时代立法工作。 | We drew up and began to implement a new plan for legislation.
Members of the Council of Chairpersons presided over eight meetings soliciting opinions and suggestions from the standing committees of provincial people’s congresses, the central CPC and state institutions, NPC deputies, experts, and scholars. We thoroughly reviewed the deputies’ proposals and suggestions and sought advice from 177 central and local organizations on items of legislation. Based on in-depth research and discussions, we drew up a legislative plan and released it for implementation after approval from the CPC Central Committee. The plan sets out overall legislative arrangements of the 14th NPC, including 79 items in Category I, 51 items in Category II, and items in need of further research in Category III. It also includes arrangements for enacting new codes in areas where the necessary conditions are met and the legislative items to be submitted to the NPC sessions for deliberation. We held a meeting on the legislative work of the NPC Standing Committee and a national forum on local legislation to make arrangements for the implementation of the legislative plan, further improving our legislative work in the new era. |
| 加强经济领域立法。全面修订公司法，完善中国特色现代企业制度，优化营商环境，加强产权保护，激发市场创新活力。作出关于延长授权国务院在粤港澳大湾区开展港澳律师内地执业试点工作期限的决定、关于授权澳门特别行政区对广东省珠海市拱北口岸东南侧相关陆地和海域实施管辖的决定，推动香港、澳门更好融入国家发展大局。落实税收法定原则，审议增值税法、关税法草案。初次审议矿产资源法修订草案，依法保障国家矿产资源安全、促进矿产资源合理开发利用。继续审议农村集体经济组织法草案，巩固和完善农村基本经营制度，发展新型农村集体经济。 | We strengthened legislation concerning the economy.
We thoroughly revised the Company Law to refine the modern corporate system with distinctive Chinese features, improve the business environment, strengthen property rights protection, and unleash the creativity of market players. We made decisions on authorizing the State Council to extend the trial period allowing lawyers from Hong Kong and Macao to practice in mainland cities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and granting the Macao SAR jurisdiction over related land and sea areas in the southeast side of the Gongbei Port in Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, so as to support Hong Kong and Macao in better integrating themselves into China’s overall development. To implement the principle of legality of taxation, we reviewed draft laws on value added tax and tariffs. We conducted a first review of draft revisions to the Mineral Resources Law to safeguard the security of these resources and promote their rational development and use in accordance with the law. We continued to review the draft law on rural collective economic organizations to consolidate and improve the basic rural operation system and develop new rural collective economies. |
| 加强民生领域立法。制定无障碍环境建设法，建立健全无障碍设施建设、信息交流、社会服务等方面的制度规范，推动解决残疾人、老年人急难愁盼问题。修改慈善法，提高慈善组织和慈善活动透明度和公信力，促进慈善事业健康发展。初次审议学前教育法、学位法草案，回应社会反映的学前教育普惠性资源不足、学位管理制度不健全等问题。初次审议传染病防治法、国境卫生检疫法修订草案，进一步强化公共卫生法治保障。 | We strengthened legislation to improve the people’s wellbeing.
We formulated a barrier-free environment law to establish sound systems and regulations for building barrier-free facilities and providing barrier-free information and social services. This legislation facilitated the resolution of pressing difficulties and problems faced by the elderly and people with disabilities. We revised the Charity Law to improve the transparency and credibility of charity organizations and activities and promote the healthy development of charity. In response to public concerns regarding inadequate resources in public-interest preschool education and issues with the academic degree administration system, we conducted an initial review of draft laws on preschool education and academic degrees. Draft revisions to the Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases and the Frontier Health and Quarantine Law also went through initial review in order to provide stronger legal safeguards for public health. |
| 健全生态环境保护法律制度体系。制定青藏高原生态保护法，统筹推进山水林田湖草沙冰综合治理、系统治理、源头治理，为青藏高原生态保护和可持续发展提供法治保障。修订海洋环境保护法，强化海洋环境监督管理，加大海洋生态保护修复力度，用严格措施、严密法治保护和改善海洋生态环境。以国家立法形式将8月15日设立为全国生态日，让“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念更加深入人心，推动全民增强人与自然和谐共生的思想自觉和行动自觉。启动生态环境法典编纂工作，成立工作专班，扎实有序推进，努力在本届内编纂出一部以习近平生态文明思想为引领，具有中国特色、体现时代特点、反映人民意愿、系统规范协调的生态环境法典。 | We improved the legal framework for environmental protection.
We formulated a law on ecological conservation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to coordinate comprehensive, systematic, source-based improvement of the area’s various ecosystems, including mountain, water, forest, farmland, grassland, desert, and glacial ecosystems. This law provides legal guarantees for ecological conservation and sustainable development of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. We revised the Marine Environment Protection Law to strengthen monitoring and management of the marine environment and intensify efforts to protect and restore marine ecosystems. Our goal was to use strict measures and legal provisions to protect and improve the marine environment. We established by law the 15th of August as National Ecology Day, with a view to helping our people embrace the idea that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets and encouraging the whole nation to pursue harmony between humanity and nature both in thinking and through action. We began codifying environmental laws and established a task force to carry out this work. In a solid and orderly manner, we worked toward completing an environmental code within our term that is guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Conservation, carries distinct Chinese characteristics, embodies the features of our time, reflects the will of the people, and provides systematic, standardized, and coordinated provisions. |
| 完善国家安全立法。制定粮食安全保障法，对耕地保护利用和粮食生产、储备、流通、加工、应急、节约等各环节作出系统规定，全方位夯实粮食安全法治根基。修订反间谍法，将防范化解风险的关口前移，丰富反渗透、反颠覆、反窃密斗争的法律工具箱。修订保守国家秘密法，健全保密管理制度和监管措施。 | We improved legislation to safeguard national security.
We formulated a food security law to establish systematic provisions regarding the protection and use of arable land and all other aspects of food security, including food production, storage, circulation, processing, emergency response, and conservation, thus consolidating the legal foundation for enhancing food security on all fronts. We made revisions to the Counterespionage Law to prevent and mitigate risks at an early stage and provide more legal tools for the struggle against infiltration, subversion, and the theft of secrets. We revised the State Secret Protection Law to improve relevant administration systems and regulations. |
| 推进社会治理领域立法。审议通过刑法修正案（十二），坚持受贿行贿一起查，加大对行贿犯罪的惩治力度；增加民营企业内部人员腐败相关犯罪的规定，依法平等保护民营企业产权和企业家权益。修订行政复议法，优化案件受理和审理程序，更好发挥行政复议公正高效、便民为民的制度优势。初次审议文物保护法修订草案，完善文物保护管理制度，推动文物合理利用。继续审议突发事件应对管理法草案，提高突发事件预防和应对管理能力。初次审议治安管理处罚法修订草案，将在法律规定的国家考试中作弊、妨碍公共交通工具驾驶、高空抛物、违法出售或提供公民个人信息等行为纳入处罚范围。 | We advanced legislation on social governance.
We deliberated and passed Amendment XII to the Criminal Law. In following the principle of punishing both bribe takers and givers, we increased penalties for the offense of offering bribes. We added provisions on corruption-related crimes committed by personnel of private enterprises to provide equal legal protection of the property rights of private businesses and the rights and interests of entrepreneurs. We revised the Administrative Reconsideration Law to refine the procedures for accepting and handling cases. This gave better play to the institutional strengths of administrative reconsideration in providing impartial, efficient, and convenient legal services to the people. We conducted an initial review of draft revisions to the Cultural Heritage Protection Law to improve the administrative system for protecting cultural heritage and promote the rational utilization of cultural heritage. We continued the deliberation on a draft law on emergency management to enhance China’s capabilities in preventing and responding to emergencies. We deliberated draft revisions to the Public Security Administrative Penalties Law for the first time, which made acts such as cheating in national exams, obstructing public transport vehicles, releasing objects from a dangerous height, and illegally selling or offering personal information punishable offences. |
| 加强涉外法制建设。制定对外关系法，将我国长期坚持的外交方针政策和新时代发展对外关系的指导思想、基本原则、理念主张、职责任务等用法律形式予以确认，为构建系统完备的涉外法律法规体系夯实基础。制定外国国家豁免法，对涉及外国国家及其财产民事案件的管辖作出全面系统规定，填补涉外领域相关立法空白。修改民事诉讼法，完善涉外民事诉讼程序，适当扩大我国法院对涉外民事案件的管辖范围，推动营造市场化、法治化、国际化营商环境。 | We strengthened the legal system involving foreign affairs.
We enacted a foreign relations law, affirming in law the diplomatic principles and policies that China has long upheld, as well as the guidelines, basic principles, ideas, propositions, responsibilities, and missions for developing foreign relations in the new era. This law laid a solid foundation for establishing a complete system of laws and regulations related to foreign affairs. We formulated a foreign state immunity law establishing comprehensive and systematic regulations on the jurisdiction over civil cases concerning foreign countries and their property, thus filling the legislative gaps in this field. We revised the Civil Procedure Law to refine the procedures for civil suits involving foreign affairs, appropriately expand the jurisdiction of China’s courts in civil cases involving foreign affairs, and promote the development of a market-oriented, law-based business environment in keeping with international standards. |
| 深入推进科学立法、民主立法、依法立法。坚持党对立法工作的全面领导，发挥人大在立法工作中的主导作用，统筹立改废释纂，坚持时、度、效相统一，增强立法系统性、整体性、协同性、时效性。遵循和把握客观规律、立法规律，在立项、起草、审议、表决等各环节把好关，坚持时间服从质量，保证立法准确反映经济社会发展需求，努力让每一部法律都满载民意、贴近民生、顺应民心。一年来审议的法律案中，由人大专门委员会、常委会工作委员会牵头起草的有14件，占41%。加强基层立法联系点建设和工作，目前全国人大常委会法工委基层立法联系点共45个，带动省、市两级人大设立基层立法联系点6500多个，发挥立法听取民意“直通车”作用。24件次法律草案向社会公布征求意见，共收到各方面意见建议20多万条。统筹运用调研、座谈、论证、评估等方式，广泛凝聚立法共识。 | We advanced legislation in a scientific and democratic way in accordance with the law.
Upholding the Party’s overall leadership over legislative work, the NPC fully played its leading role in legislation. As we took coordinated steps to enact, revise, abolish, interpret, and codify laws, we worked hard to find the right balance between the timeline, pacing, and efficacy and make our legislative work more systematic, holistic, coordinated, and responsive. In conforming to the objective laws and the laws underlying legislative work, we exercised effective supervision over all links of legislation, including the launching of projects, drafting, deliberation, and voting. We prioritized quality over speed and worked to see that our legislation responds to the needs of economic and social development. Our goal was to ensure that each of our laws represents the will of the people, attends to their wellbeing, and has their support. Of the legislative items we deliberated on over the past year, 14 items, or 41 percent of the total, were drafted under the guidance of NPC special committees and working commissions and committees of the Standing Committee. We established more local legislative outreach offices and helped them to improve their work. To date, the total number of such offices under the NPC Standing Committee Legislative Affairs Commission has increased to 45. This has inspired provincial and municipal people’s congresses to establish more than 6,500 local legislative outreach offices, expanding channels for directly hearing the views of the general public on legislation. We solicited 24 rounds of public opinion on draft laws and received more than 200,000 comments and suggestions from all sectors of society. Broad consensus has been built on legislation through legislative research, meetings, debates, and assessments. |
| 三、用好宪法法律赋予人大的监督权，增强监督工作的针对性、实效性 | 3. Making good use of the oversight power conferred on us by the Constitution and the law and ensuring that our oversight is more targeted and effective |
| 人大监督是党和国家监督体系的重要组成部分，是国家权力机关代表人民进行的、具有法律效力的监督。常委会坚持围绕中心、服务大局、突出重点，实行正确监督、有效监督、依法监督，推动党中央决策部署贯彻落实，保证宪法法律全面有效实施，保证各国家机关依法行使权力，保证人民群众合法权益得到维护和实现。一年来，共听取审议“一府两院”22个报告，检查5件法律实施情况，组织开展2次专题询问、7项专题调研，作出2项决议。依法依规办理群众来信来访157212件次。 | Oversight by people’s congresses is an important part of the oversight system of the Party and the country; it is carried out by organs of state power on behalf of the people with the force of law.
Focusing on the central task of economic development, overall national interests, and work in key areas, we carried out appropriate, effective oversight in accordance with the law. In this way, we helped advance implementation of the CPC Central Committee’s decisions and plans and ensured that the Constitution and the law were fully and effectively implemented, state organs exercised their powers in accordance with the law, and the people’s legal rights and interests were safeguarded and advanced. Over the past year, we heard and reviewed 22 reports from the State Council, the Supreme People’s Court, and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, conducted inspections into the implementation of 5 laws, held 2 special inquiries, carried out 7 research projects, and adopted 2 resolutions. We also handled 157,212 letters and visits from the public in accordance with laws and regulations. |
| 助力构建新发展格局、推动高质量发展。听取审议国务院关于“十四五”规划和2035年远景目标纲要实施中期评估、计划执行情况报告，推动经济实现质的有效提升和量的合理增长，努力实现预期目标任务。听取审议国务院关于金融工作情况报告，提出加强和完善金融监管、提高金融服务实体经济能力、积极稳妥防范化解金融风险等建议。检查科学技术进步法实施情况，推动优化科技创新资源配置、加快关键核心技术攻关、健全科技成果转化机制。检查种子法实施情况，促进种业科技自立自强、种源自主可控。听取审议国务院关于确保国家粮食安全工作情况报告并开展专题询问，推动实施国家粮食安全战略，确保中国人的饭碗牢牢端在自己手中。检查特种设备安全法、安全生产法实施情况，预防和减少安全事故，维护人民群众生命和财产安全。听取审议国务院关于区域协调发展情况报告，开展巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果、民族地区高质量发展等专题调研，增强区域发展的平衡性、协调性，推进城乡融合发展、乡村全面振兴。听取审议国务院关于新时代侨务工作情况报告，依法推动新时代侨务工作高质量发展，持续凝聚侨心侨力。审议国务院关于中国（海南）自由贸易试验区暂时调整适用有关法律规定情况中期报告，为探索推动更高水平对外开放提供法律支持。 | We facilitated efforts to create a new pattern of development and promote high-quality development.
We heard and reviewed the State Council’s midterm assessment report on the implementation of the Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development (2021–2025) and Long-Range Objectives through the Year 2035 and its report on the implementation of the 2023 plan for economic and social development. By doing so, we contributed to the effective upgrading and appropriate expansion of economic output and the fulfillment of the main targets for economic and social development. We heard and reviewed a State Council report on financial work and put forward suggestions on refining and strengthening financial regulation, improving the financial sector’s ability to serve the real economy, and taking active and prudent steps to guard against and mitigate financial risks. We carried out an inspection into the implementation of the Scientific and Technological Progress Law in an effort to promote more effective allocation of scientific and technological innovation resources, accelerate breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields, and improve mechanisms for applying scientific and technological achievements. We also conducted an inspection into the implementation of the Seed Law to boost China’s self-reliance and strength in seed technology, which will ensure that our country exercises greater independence and control over its seed resources. We heard and reviewed a State Council report on ensuring China’s food security and held a special inquiry, the results of which helped advance the implementation of the national food security strategy and ensure that China’s food supply remains firmly in its own hands. We carried out an inspection of the implementation of the Special Equipment Safety Law and the Workplace Safety Law in a move to prevent and reduce safety incidents and safeguard the lives and property of our people. We heard and reviewed a State Council report on promoting coordinated regional development and carried out research projects examining efforts to consolidate and further build upon our achievements in poverty alleviation and to promote high-quality development of areas with large ethnic minority populations. Through these efforts, we worked toward more balanced and coordinated regional development, integrated urban-rural development, and full revitalization of the countryside. We heard and reviewed a State Council report on work related to overseas Chinese nationals in the new era in order to improve this work in accordance with the law and continue to pool the support and energy of overseas Chinese nationals. We reviewed the State Council’s midterm report on temporarily adjusting the application of relevant provisions of certain laws in the China (Hainan) Pilot Free Trade Zone, thereby providing legal support for the exploration of a higher standard of opening up. |
| 做好预算决算审查监督工作。落实党中央决策部署，作出关于批准国务院增发国债和2023年中央预算调整方案的决议，支持灾后恢复重建和提升防灾减灾救灾能力。听取审议国务院关于中央决算、预算执行、财政转移支付、财政文化资金分配和使用情况等报告，审查批准2022年中央决算，推动国务院和有关方面优化支出结构，加强绩效管理和财会监督，统筹规范高效使用财政资金。作出授权国务院提前下达部分新增地方政府债务限额的决定。听取审议国务院关于审计工作、审计查出问题整改情况报告，督促做好查出问题“上半篇文章”和问题整改“下半篇文章”一体推进。持续深化人大预算审查监督重点向支出预算和政策拓展改革，推进预算联网监督系统建设，加强预算工委基层联系点建设。开展健全完善县级基本财力保障机制、部分政府性基金管理等专题调研。 | We conducted examinations and oversight of budgets and final accounts.
Acting on the CPC Central Committee’s decisions and plans, we passed a resolution to approve the State Council’s proposal to issue additional government bonds and adjust its 2023 central budget, so as to support post-disaster recovery and reconstruction and increase our capacity for disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief. We heard and reviewed the State Council’s reports on the central final accounts, budget execution, transfer payments, and the allocation and use of government funds for cultural purposes. We reviewed and approved the State Council’s report on the 2022 central final accounts and, in doing so, helped the State Council and relevant departments improve the structure of their spending, strengthen performance management and accounting oversight, and make coordinated, well-regulated, and efficient use of government funds. We also made a decision to authorize the State Council to approve a proportion of new local government debt ceilings in advance. We heard and reviewed an audit report by the State Council and its report on the rectification of problems discovered during the audit. In this process, we worked to ensure that problems were not only detected but also corrected. We continued to deepen the reform of expanding the focus of budget review and oversight by people’s congresses to include expenditure budgets and policies, made further progress in developing the online budget oversight system, and stepped up the establishment of local liaison offices for our Budgetary Affairs Commission. We conducted research on efforts to improve mechanisms for ensuring basic funding for county-level governments and the management of certain government-managed funds. |
| 加强国有资产管理、政府债务管理情况监督。完善国有资产管理情况报告和监督制度，制定国有资产管理情况监督工作五年规划（2023－2027）。审议国务院关于2022年度国有资产管理情况综合报告、听取审议关于金融企业国有资产管理情况专项报告，推动金融国资国企高质量发展，促进国资国企更好服务经济社会发展。推进国有资产联网监督，探索建立国有资产管理人大监督评价指标体系。贯彻党中央决策部署，建立常委会听取审议国务院关于政府债务管理情况报告制度。 | We enhanced oversight of state-owned asset and government debt management.
We improved the reporting and oversight systems for the management of state-owned assets and formulated a five-year plan for the oversight of state-owned asset management (2023-2027). In order to boost the high-quality development of state-owned capital and state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in the financial sector and help state-owned capital and SOEs better serve economic and social development, we reviewed the State Council’s comprehensive report on the management of state-owned assets for 2022, as well as its special report on the management of state-owned assets held by financial enterprises. We advanced online oversight of state-owned assets and explored the establishment of standards of oversight by people’s congresses and evaluation of state-owned asset management. Acting on the decisions and plans of the CPC Central Committee, we established a system for the Standing Committee to hear and review the State Council’s reports on government debt management. |
| 推动解决民生突出问题。听取审议国务院关于考试招生制度改革情况报告，提出扩大优质教育资源供给、推动学生健康成长、促进教育公平等建议。听取审议国务院关于反家庭暴力工作情况报告，促进家庭和谐、社会稳定。听取审议国务院关于精神卫生工作情况报告，关注青少年心理健康，提升精神卫生服务水平。开展建立长期护理保险制度情况专题调研，促进更好保障失能失智人群的基本生活权益。围绕监察机关整治群众身边的不正之风和腐败问题工作情况开展专题调研。 | We worked toward the resolution of the prominent problems in people’s lives.
We heard and reviewed a State Council report on the reform of the examination and enrollment systems in education and put forward suggestions on expanding the supply of quality education resources, promoting the healthy growth of students, and advancing fairness in education. To promote peaceful, harmonious households and social stability, we heard and reviewed a State Council report on the fight against domestic violence. We heard and reviewed a State Council report on mental health initiatives. During this process, we paid particular attention to the mental health of young people and worked toward improving mental health services. We carried out a research project to examine the efforts to establish insurance schemes for long-term care to better support the everyday lives of people with physical and intellectual disabilities and protect their rights and interests. We also conducted research on the efforts of supervisory bodies to address misconduct and corruption that occur at people’s doorsteps. |
| 促进生态环境高水平保护。听取审议国务院关于2022年度环境状况和环境保护目标完成情况报告，检查湿地保护法实施情况，推动落实全国生态环境保护大会精神，强化生态保护修复，持续深入打好污染防治攻坚战。听取审议国务院关于打击生态环境和资源保护领域犯罪工作情况报告、最高人民法院关于人民法院环境资源审判工作情况报告、最高人民检察院关于人民检察院生态环境和资源保护检察工作情况报告并开展专题询问，推动“一府两院”加强生态环境和资源保护执法司法能力建设，依法惩治各类环境资源违法犯罪行为。开展可再生能源供给消纳体系建设情况专题调研。 | We promoted a high level of environmental protection.
We heard and reviewed a State Council report on the state of the environment and progress in meeting environmental protection targets for 2022 and carried out an inspection of the implementation of the Wetland Conservation Law. Our work helped implement the principles from the national conference on environmental protection, strengthen the protection and restoration of ecosystems, and further advance the critical battle against pollution. We heard and reviewed a State Council report on combating crime in environmental protection and resources conservation, a Supreme People’s Court report on the people’s courts’ adjudication of cases related to the environment and resources, and a Supreme People’s Procuratorate report on the work of the people’s procuratorates in this area. We also conducted a special inquiry based on our review of these reports. Through these efforts, we encouraged the State Council, the Supreme People’s Court, and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate to enhance their capacities for law enforcement and judicial administration in these areas and lawfully crack down on all illegal and criminal activities that damage the environment and resources. We carried out a research project to examine the development of a renewable energy supply and integration system. |
| 健全完善监督工作制度机制和方式方法。总结监督法实施以来特别是党的十八大以来监督工作实践经验，研究起草并初次审议监督法修正草案，拓展监督内容，健全程序机制，为各级人大常委会履行监督职责提供更为完善的制度保障。常委会开展执法检查，同时委托省级人大常委会在本行政区域内进行检查、调研，推动各级人大上下联动，形成监督工作合力。通过前期调研、交流询问、随机抽查、问卷调查、法律知识问答、第三方评估等方式，提升监督实效，加强普法宣传。把监督与立法紧密结合起来，围绕粮食安全、生态环保等，统筹安排听取审议工作报告、执法检查、专题调研和立法修法，运用法治方式推动解决问题、改进工作、完善制度。 | We improved our systems, mechanisms, and methods for oversight.
After reviewing our practical experience since the Law on the Oversight by the Standing Committees of People’s Congresses at All Levels went into effect in 2007, especially since the Party’s 18th National Congress in 2012, we drafted revisions to the law and conducted an initial review of these revisions, with the goal of broadening the scope of oversight, refining procedures and mechanisms, and thus providing better institutions through which standing committees of people’s congresses at all levels perform their duties of oversight. We carried out inspections of the implementation of various laws and delegated standing committees of provincial people’s congresses to conduct inspections and research within their respective administrative regions, thereby facilitating coordination and collaboration between people’s congresses at different levels and creating synergy for enhancing oversight. We increased the efficacy of our oversight and strengthened public communication on the rule of law by means of preliminary research, exchanges and inquiries, random sampling, questionnaires, Q&A sessions regarding legal knowledge, and third-party assessments. We closely integrated oversight with legislation. On issues like food security and environmental protection, we made overall plans for hearing and reviewing work reports, carrying out inspections into the implementation of relevant laws, conducting research projects, and enacting and revising laws, and we worked to solve problems, improve our work, and refine our systems through legal means. |
| 四、加强人大代表工作能力建设，支持和保障代表更好依法履职 | 4. Strengthening the competence of deputies and providing them support and safeguards for performing their duties in accordance with the law |
| 充分发挥人大代表作用，是人民当家作主的重要体现，是做好人大工作的重要基础。常委会以设立代表工作委员会为契机，以加强常委会同代表联系、代表同人民群众联系为抓手，深化和拓展代表工作，支持和保障代表依法行使权利、履行义务，当好党和国家联系人民群众的桥梁。 | Giving full play to the roles of deputies to people’s congresses reflects the idea that our country is run by the people, and it provides an important foundation that allows us to carry out our work well. With the establishment of a deputies affairs commission, we strengthened the ties between the Standing Committee and deputies and between deputies and the public and advanced and expanded our work related to deputies. We provided them support and safeguards for exercising their rights and performing their duties in accordance with the law to help them fulfill their role as the bridge linking the Party and the country with the people. |
| 健全和落实常委会联系代表的制度机制。常委会组成人员与418位代表建立直接联系，专门委员会、工作委员会直接联系相关领域的代表。拓展代表参与常委会和专门委员会、工作委员会工作。邀请273人次代表列席常委会会议，召开5次列席代表座谈会，认真听取代表意见建议。通过代表工作信息化平台就法律草案征求代表意见，共有2985人次代表反馈意见建议。邀请740多人次代表参加执法检查、调查研究、预算审查监督、对外交往等工作。支持省级人大常委会加强同本选举单位选举产生的全国人大代表的联系。 | We refined and implemented systems and mechanisms for communication with deputies.
Members of the Standing Committee established direct contact with 418 deputies, and special committees and working commissions and committees stayed in direct touch with deputies from relevant fields. We expanded deputies’ participation in the work of the Standing Committee, special committees, and working commissions and committees. We sent 273 invitations to deputies to attend Standing Committee meetings in a non-voting capacity and held 5 follow-up meetings to solicit their opinions and suggestions. Through the online NPC deputy work platform, we solicited deputies’ opinions on draft laws and received 2,985 comments. We invited deputies to take part in inspections of the implementation of laws, research projects, budget examination and oversight, and international exchanges, with the total participation exceeding 740. We also supported the standing committees of provincial people’s congresses in increasing communication with the deputies that they elected to the NPC. |
| 发挥代表来自人民、扎根人民的特点优势。组建全国人大代表小组，鼓励代表通过参加代表小组、代表家站活动等方式，倾听和反映群众的意愿呼声。组织代表开展专题调研、集中视察，组织香港、澳门、台湾代表赴广东、甘肃、天津、浙江、福建等地视察调研，组织部分全国人大代表围绕推进长三角一体化高质量发展、加快长江上游航运能力建设等开展跨区域调研。 | We took advantage of the unique strengths of our deputies who come from and are rooted in the people.
We established NPC deputy groups and encouraged deputies to listen to and convey the opinions and wishes of the general public through channels such as deputy group activities and outreach and liaison offices. We organized research projects and group inspections for deputies. We arranged for deputies from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan to carry out research and inspections in Guangdong, Gansu, Tianjin, Zhejiang, and Fujian. We also organized deputies to carry out trans-regional research projects, such as those on advancing high-quality integrated development in the Yangtze River Delta and working faster to increase the shipping capacity on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. |
| 提高代表议案建议工作质量。十四届全国人大一次会议期间代表提出的271件议案，交由相关专门委员会审议完毕并答复代表，其中涉及的16个立法项目已审议通过或提请审议、59个立法项目已列入立法规划或计划。代表在大会期间提出的8314件建议、闭会期间提出的130件建议，交由承办单位办理并答复代表，建议所提问题得到解决或计划逐步解决的占75%。确定19项重点督办建议，由相关专门委员会负责督办，推动解决了一批实际问题。完善建议交办协调机制，压实办理责任，加强同代表的沟通联系，召开办理推进会、座谈会，努力提升办理工作质效，积极推动从办文到办事、从答复到落实、从解释到解决的转变，切实增强群众的满意度和获得感。 | We handled deputies’ proposals and suggestions more effectively.
All of the 271 proposals deputies put forward during the first session of the 14th NPC were reviewed by relevant special committees, and feedback was given to deputies. Among these submissions, 16 legislative items addressed in deputies’ proposals were adopted after review or have been submitted for review, and 59 legislative items have been included in our five-year or annual legislative plans. All 8,314 suggestions submitted by deputies during that session and the 130 suggestions raised when the NPC was not in session were forwarded to relevant organizations for examination and handling, with feedback given to deputies. 75 percent of the issues raised in these suggestions were either solved or addressed with plans to resolve them over time. Of these, 19 priority suggestions were processed under the supervision of relevant special committees, and a number of practical problems have been solved as a result. We improved coordination mechanisms for the forwarding and processing of deputies’ suggestions to ensure that relevant organizations handle their responsibilities appropriately and increase their communication with deputies. We held meetings to advance the processing of suggestions and made every effort to improve the quality and effectiveness of this work. We worked hard to see that replies and explanations on paper are followed up with concrete actions and practical solutions, so that our people feel a stronger sense of satisfaction and fulfillment. |
| 加强代表履职服务保障。增强代表培训的系统性、针对性、专业性，举办4期代表学习班、1期少数民族代表学习班，1300多人次代表参加，实现新任基层全国人大代表履职基础学习全覆盖。优化升级代表工作信息化平台功能，为代表提供便捷高效的服务保障。建立健全代表履职档案，加强对代表履职的监督管理。指导省级人大常委会代表工作。 | We improved services and safeguards to help deputies better perform their duties.
To provide deputies with more systematic, targeted, and specialized training, we held five study sessions, including one session specifically for ethnic minority deputies, with a total attendance of more than 1,300. This ensured that all newly elected NPC deputies from the primary level received basic training in performing their duties. We upgraded the functions of the online NPC deputy work platform to provide deputies with convenient and efficient services and support. We improved record keeping to strengthen oversight and management of deputies’ performance of their duties. We provided guidance for the standing committees of provincial people’s congresses regarding their deputy-related work. |
| 五、服从服务国家总体外交，积极开展人大对外交往 | 5. Conducting international exchanges in alignment with China’s overall diplomatic agenda |
| 人大对外交往是国家总体外交的重要组成部分，具有覆盖面广、层级丰富、方式灵活等特点优势。常委会深入学习贯彻习近平外交思想，按照党中央对外工作统筹部署，积极有效开展对外交流交往。一年来，共派出57个团组赴65个国家访问或出席国际会议，接待30个国家和3个多边议会组织的来访团组，开展视频活动25场，同有关国家和多边议会组织签署6项立法机构合作协议。 | As an important part of China’s international diplomacy, the exchanges of the people’s congresses with other countries have unique features and strengths, such as covering a variety of fields, multiple levels of engagement, and flexible approaches. We thoroughly studied and implemented Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy and actively and effectively engaged in international exchanges in accordance with the overall plan of the CPC Central Committee on external work.
Over the past year, we sent 57 delegations to 65 countries for official visits or to attend international conferences. We received delegations from 30 countries and 3 multilateral parliamentary organizations, held 25 video events, and signed 6 cooperation agreements with the legislative bodies of other countries and multilateral parliamentary organizations. |
| 同外国议会交流合作更加活跃。委员长会议组成人员率团访问21个国家，与访华的150多位外国政要会见会谈。明确25个对外交流机制的负责人和组成人员，组建141个对外双边友好小组。加强专门委员会、工作委员会、友好小组、代表和议员、办事机构之间的对口交流。举办中俄议会合作委员会第八次会议，与美国国会进行接触对话，与欧洲国家议会广泛沟通交流，同周边国家、发展中国家议会深化友好合作。在疫情防控转段后的第一年，积极“走出去”、“请进来”，加强面对面沟通交流，在增进理解互信、促进务实合作、巩固人民友谊、维护核心利益等方面发挥重要作用。 | We carried out more active exchanges and cooperation with foreign parliaments.
Members of the Council of Chairpersons led delegations to 21 countries and met and held talks with more than 150 foreign dignitaries visiting China. We designated leaders and members for 25 exchange mechanisms and established a total of 141 bilateral friendship groups. NPC special committees, working commissions and committees, friendship groups, and deputies enhanced their exchanges with congress members and working bodies of foreign parliaments. The eighth meeting of the China-Russia Parliamentary Cooperation Committee was held. We engaged in dialogue with the Congress of the United States, conducted extensive exchanges with parliaments of European countries, and deepened friendship and cooperation with parliaments of neighboring countries and developing countries. In the first year following China’s transition in Covid-19 response, we actively went abroad and invited people to China for more face-to-face communication. Through these efforts, we played an important role in increasing mutual understanding and trust, boosting practical cooperation, reinforcing friendship with other peoples, and safeguarding our core interests. |
| 多边议会交往富有成效。派出28个团组出席二十国集团议长会议、金砖国家议会论坛、各国议会联盟会议、亚太议会论坛等多边活动，促进中国理念和主张成为国际共识。邀请各国议会联盟主席和秘书长、阿拉伯议会议长、中美洲议会议长等访华。与阿拉伯议会正式建立交流机制。参与推动中美洲议会取消台湾地区“立法院”“常驻观察员”地位，接纳中国全国人大为常驻观察员。举办发展中国家、非洲英语国家、太平洋岛国、尼泊尔议员研讨班，23个国家的95位议员和议会高级官员来华参访交流。 | We conducted fruitful multilateral parliamentary communication.
We sent 28 delegations to multilateral events, including the G20 Parliamentary Speakers Summit, the BRICS Parliamentary Forum, meetings of the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU), and the Asia-Pacific Parliamentary Forum. During these occasions, we worked to increase international support for Chinese ideas and proposals. At our invitation, the President and the Secretary-General of the IPU, the Speaker of the Arab Parliament, and the President of the Central American Parliament visited China. We formally established a mechanism of exchange with the Arab Parliament. We contributed to the decision of the Central American Parliament to revoke the permanent observer status of the “Legislative Yuan” of the Taiwan region and instead grant the NPC of China status as a permanent observer. We held seminars for members of parliaments from developing countries, English-speaking countries in Africa, Pacific island countries, and Nepal, and we received a total of 95 parliamentarians and high-level parliamentary officials from 23 countries through visits and exchanges. |
| 对外宣介更加自信主动。在对外交往中，积极宣介中国式现代化、构建人类命运共同体、共建“一带一路”、“三大全球倡议”等理念主张和成功实践，深刻阐释全过程人民民主、人民代表大会制度的优势功效，增强中国道路、理论、制度、文化的影响力和感召力。安排来访团组参观中国共产党历史展览馆，实地参访代表家站、基层立法联系点等，近距离感知中国发展成就和治理经验。针对个别国家议会涉华消极法案和错误言行，通过发言人谈话、发表声明、接受媒体采访等方式，阐明原则立场，正声辟谣，坚决捍卫国家利益和民族尊严。 | We acted more confidently and proactively in international communications.
When conducting international exchanges, we introduced Chinese ideas and proposals on Chinese modernization, a human community with a shared future, the Belt and Road Initiative, the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, and the Global Civilization Initiative, also sharing insight into the successes of their practical implementation. We also thoroughly discussed the strengths of whole-process people’s democracy and the system of people’s congresses. In doing so, we helped increase the influence and appeal of China’s path, theory, system, and culture. We arranged for visiting delegations to visit the Museum of the Communist Party of China, deputy outreach and liaison offices, local legislative outreach offices, and other sites, where they learned first-hand about China’s development achievements and experience in governance. In response to the negative legislation and wrongful remarks and actions involving China by certain countries’ parliaments, we clarified our principles and stance, presented facts, and refuted rumors in the remarks of our spokespeople, statements, media interviews and through other means, so as to defend our national interests and dignity. |
| 六、按照“四个机关”的定位和要求，全面加强常委会自身建设 | 6. Intensifying self-improvement efforts in all aspects in line with the requirement to uphold the four-fold role |
| 习近平总书记明确指出，各级人大及其常委会要成为自觉坚持中国共产党领导的政治机关、保证人民当家作主的国家权力机关、全面担负宪法法律赋予的各项职责的工作机关、始终同人民群众保持密切联系的代表机关。常委会把“四个机关”作为自身建设的目标任务，整体把握、一体建设，不断提高依法履职能力和水平。 | General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly stated that people’s congresses at all levels and their standing committees should function as political institutions that consciously uphold the leadership by the Party, institutions of state power that ensure the running of the country by the people, working institutions that fully assume functions conferred by the Constitution and the law, and representative institutions that always maintain close ties with the people. In order to better fulfill this four-fold role as our goal for self-improvement, we adopted a holistic approach and took integrated steps to continuously improve our ability and competence in lawful performance of duties. |
| 加强思想政治建设。深入开展学习贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想主题教育，在以学铸魂、以学增智、以学正风、以学促干上取得明显成效。举办常委会专题讲座9讲，组织常委会党组集体学习8次，全面、系统、深入学习贯彻党的创新理论，在结合实际、结合职责、创造性落实上下功夫。召开深入学习贯彻习近平总书记关于坚持和完善人民代表大会制度的重要思想交流会，推动各级人大把学习研究宣传贯彻不断引向深入。学习践行习近平总书记关于党的建设的重要思想，加强全国人大党的建设，落实全面从严治党要求，不断强化依法履职的思想、政治、组织保障。 | We strengthened ourselves theoretically and politically.
We carried out a campaign to study and implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and made notable progress in forging inner strength, acquiring new knowledge, rectifying our conduct, and improving work performance. We hosted nine lectures and organized eight study sessions for the committee’s leading Party members’ group to fully, systematically, and thoroughly study and implement the Party’s latest theory. We worked hard to creatively apply this theory in carrying out our duties in line with actual conditions. We held seminars to share our studies and application of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s key ideas on upholding and improving the people’s congress system and encouraged people’s congresses at all levels to further study, research, communicate, and implement these ideas. In studying and applying General Secretary Xi Jinping’s key ideas on strengthening the Party, we strengthened Party organizations in NPC, implemented the requirement for full and rigorous Party self-governance, and increased theoretical, political, and organizational support for law-based exercise of our duties. |
| 大兴调查研究。调查研究是人大履职的基本工作方法，也是人大的法定职责。贯彻党中央关于大兴调查研究的部署要求，常委会党组确定16个重点题目，委员长会议组成人员开展120多次调研和执法检查，专门委员会、工作委员会和全国人大机关开展490多次调研。严格执行中央八项规定及其实施细则精神，深入基层、注重实效，自觉把调查研究作为受教育、转作风、增进同人民群众感情的过程，夯实人大工作民意基础。 | We conducted extensive research.
For people’s congresses, research is a fundamental approach to the performance of their functions, and it is also one of their legal responsibilities. As part of our efforts to implement the CPC Central Committee’s requirement for extensive research, the Standing Committee’s leading Party members’ group identified 16 key topics as research subjects. Members of the Council of Chairpersons conducted more than 120 research trips and law implementation inspections, and special committees, working commissions and committees, and NPC bodies conducted over 490 research trips. We strictly complied with the central Party leadership’s eight-point decision on improving work conduct and the detailed rules for its implementation, visited local people and communities, and worked toward producing real results. During the process of our research, we conscientiously learned from the people, developed closer ties with them, and improved our work conduct. This strengthened popular support for our work. |
| 推进工作制度化、规范化。全面修订常委会组成人员守则，从政治、思想、能力、作风等方面提出新的更高要求。修改委员长会议议事规则、常委会会议工作程序、常委会人事任免办法等，提高议事质量和效率。建立委员长会议定期听取信访情况、外事工作情况报告机制。推动全国人大机关制定和修改39件工作规范。 | We improved the institutions and procedures for our work.
We made comprehensive revisions to the rules for members of the NPC Standing Committee, setting new and higher requirements for their political integrity, theoretical competence, ability, and conduct. We revised the procedural rules of the Council of Chairpersons, the working procedures for the Standing Committee meetings, and the personnel appointment and removal measures of the Standing Committee. These efforts improved the quality and efficiency of deliberation. We established a mechanism for the Council of Chairpersons to hear regular reports on the NPC’s processing of public complaints and suggestions and its foreign affairs work. We guided NPC bodies to formulate and revise 39 working procedures. |
| 充分发挥专门委员会、工作委员会作用。召开全国人大专门委员会、工作委员会工作座谈会，统筹修改各专门委员会工作规则，更好保证专门委员会和工作委员会依法履职。专门委员会、工作委员会紧紧围绕常委会中心任务，结合实际履职尽责，做了大量经常性、基础性的工作，为人大工作高质量发展作出积极贡献。 | We gave full play to the roles of special committees and working commissions and committees.
We held meetings to discuss the work of the NPC special committees and working commissions and committees, and we also coordinated efforts to revise the working rules for all special committees. This has enabled them to better perform their duties in accordance with the law. Focusing on the central tasks of the Standing Committee, special committees and working commissions and committees carried out a great deal of regular, fundamental tasks to fulfill their duties and responsibilities, thereby making positive contributions to the high-quality development of the work of people’s congresses. |
| 加强人大新闻舆论和理论研究工作。全方位宣传报道人大制度建设和人大工作成效，讲好中国人大故事、中国民主故事、中国法治故事。做好立法全过程宣传解读，积极回应立法中的热点问题、重大舆情，增进各方面对立法的了解和认同。加强代表履职宣传报道，展现新时代人大代表风采。落实意识形态工作责任制，加强人大新闻舆论阵地建设，推动“刊网微端”深度融合。开展中华环保世纪行、首个全国生态日等专题宣传活动。新增发布27件法律、决定的英文译本，对外宣介法治建设成果。发挥中国人大制度理论研究会智库作用，出版人大制度理论研究文集和成果汇编。 | We improved our work in media and public communication and theoretical research.
By providing comprehensive media coverage of the NPC’s institution building and its achievements, we presented the people’s congresses, democracy, and the rule of law in China to a broader audience. During the process of legislation, we paid attention to providing information and explanations to the public, worked to address hotspot issues, and actively responded to major public concerns. All of this helped increase understanding and support on all sides for our legislation. We increased publicity related to deputies’ work performance, shining a spotlight on their accomplishments in the new era. We implemented the responsibility system for ideological work, further consolidated our position in media and public communication, and promoted greater integration of our outreach efforts through publications, the internet, microblogs, WeChat, and mobile applications. We carried out thematic outreach activities, such as the Environmental Protection in China: Trip of the Century and the first National Ecology Day events. We released English translations of another 27 laws and decisions, spreading China’s achievements in law-based governance to the international audiences. We gave full play to the role of the China Institute of Theory on the People’s Congress System and published collected papers and compilations on theoretical research of the people’s congress system. |
| 加强全国人大机关建设。抓好干部队伍教育整顿，强化政治机关意识教育和对党忠诚教育。巩固深化中央巡视整改成果。加强机关干部队伍建设，履行好参谋服务保障的主责主业。制定十四届全国人大学习培训规划，建好全国人大网络学院。完善国家法律法规数据库，推进机关信息化建设。 | We strengthened the development of NPC bodies.
We strengthened education and discipline of our personnel to enhance their awareness in regard to political institution work and Party loyalty. We consolidated our achievements made in rectifying problems discovered during the central discipline inspection. We improved the competence of the staff of NPC bodies, so that they may better fulfill their primary responsibilities of providing advice, services, and safeguards. We formulated a study and training program for the 14th NPC and strengthened the development of the NPC online school. We improved the national database of laws and regulations and advanced IT application in NPC bodies. |
| 加强与地方人大的联系协同。举办省、设区的市两级人大常委会负责同志学习班。举办2期地方立法培训班，完成对有立法权的地方人大及基层立法联系点工作人员的新一轮集中培训。召开基层立法联系点工作交流会。及时向省级人大常委会通报有关工作情况，认真听取对全国人大常委会工作的意见建议。专门委员会通过工作座谈会、学习研讨班等形式，加强与地方人大的对口联系交流。 | We strengthened our ties and coordination with local people’s congresses.
We held workshops for the heads of local people’s congresses at provincial and city (with districts) levels. After two training sessions on local legislative work, we completed a new round of training for the staff of local people’s congresses with legislative power as well as those working in local legislative outreach offices. We called a meeting for local legislative outreach office staff to share their work experience. We briefed standing committees of provincial people’s congresses on relevant work in a timely manner and earnestly heard their views and suggestions on our work. The special committees strengthened exchanges and communication with corresponding bodies in local people’s congresses through meetings and seminars. |
| 各位代表！ | Fellow Deputies, |
| 全国人大常委会工作取得的这些成绩，是在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，全国人大代表、常委会组成人员、各专门委员会组成人员和全国人大机关工作人员担当尽责、扎实工作的结果，是国务院、国家监察委员会、最高人民法院、最高人民检察院和地方各级人大及其常委会密切配合、通力协作的结果，是全国各族人民充分信任、积极支持的结果。在此，我代表全国人大常委会表示衷心感谢！ | We have made these achievements under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core. They are the result of the diligent, hard work of the NPC deputies, members of the NPC Standing Committee and special committees, and the employees of NPC bodies. They are the result of close collaboration and cooperation from the State Council, the National Commission of Supervision, the Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, and local people’s congresses at all levels and their standing committees. And they are the result of the full trust and strong support of the Chinese people of all ethnic groups. On behalf of the NPC Standing Committee, I would like to express our sincere gratitude. |
| 我们清醒地认识到，工作中还存在一些差距和不足。人大在立法工作中的主导作用需要进一步发挥，立法质量有待进一步提高；监督工作制度机制和方式方法需要进一步完善，监督的刚性和实效有待进一步增强；服务保障代表依法履职的能力需要进一步提升；人大新闻舆论和理论研究工作有待进一步拓展。我们高度重视这些问题，将虚心听取代表和各方面意见建议，自觉接受人民监督，不断加强和改进工作。 | We are also keenly aware that there are a number of gaps and shortcomings in our work. We need to give more play to the NPC’s leading role in legislative work and further improve the quality of our legislation. Our oversight systems, mechanisms, and methods need to be further improved, and our oversight needs to become more binding and effective. We need to further strengthen our ability to provide services and support for deputies in the law-based performance of their duties. We need to make new strides in our media and public communication work and theoretical research. We take these problems very seriously and will listen to suggestions and advice from deputies and all sectors of society with an open mind. We will readily place ourselves under the oversight of the people and continue to improve our work. |
| 今后一年的任务 | The Year Ahead |
| 2024年是中华人民共和国成立75周年，是实现“十四五”规划目标任务的关键一年，也是全国人民代表大会成立70周年。常委会要在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻党的二十大精神，深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，深入学习贯彻习近平法治思想、习近平总书记关于坚持和完善人民代表大会制度的重要思想，坚持党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一，发展全过程人民民主，加强人民当家作主制度保障，认真行使宪法法律赋予的立法权、监督权、决定权、任免权，稳中求进推动人大工作高质量发展，为以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业提供法治保障。 | The year 2024 marks the 75th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, and it is crucial for fulfilling the goals and tasks set in the 14th Five-Year Plan. This year is also the 70th anniversary of the founding of the NPC.
We must uphold the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, follow the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and fully implement the guiding principles from the Party’s 20th National Congress. We must acquire a deeper understanding of the decisive significance of establishing Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and establishing the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We must become more conscious of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment with the central Party leadership. We must stay confident in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics. We must uphold Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and uphold the Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership. We will thoroughly study and implement Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law and his key ideas on upholding and improving the people’s congress system. We will uphold the unity between the leadership by the Party, the running of the country by the people, and law-based governance, advance whole-process people’s democracy, and strengthen the institutions through which the people run the country. We will exercise the powers of enacting laws, conducting oversight, decision-making, and appointing and removing officials as conferred by the Constitution and the law. We will make steady progress in pursuing high-quality development of the work of people’s congresses and provide legal guarantees for building a great country and advancing national rejuvenation on all fronts through Chinese modernization. |
| （一）加强宪法实施和监督。深入学习贯彻习近平总书记关于宪法的重要论述。健全保证宪法全面实施的制度体系，完善宪法相关规定直接实施工作机制，加强合宪性审查工作，落实宪法解释程序机制。认真实施关于完善和加强备案审查制度的决定，提高备案审查工作质量，依法纠正和撤销与宪法法律相抵触的规范性文件。维护宪法和基本法确定的特别行政区宪制秩序和法治秩序，落实特别行政区维护国家安全的法律制度和执行机制。加强宪法宣传教育和理论研究，实施好宪法宣誓制度，组织好国家宪法日活动。召开民族区域自治法颁布实施40周年座谈会。 | 1. Strengthening the implementation of the Constitution and the oversight of constitutional compliance
We will thoroughly study and implement General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important statements on the Constitution. We will improve the systems for ensuring full implementation of the Constitution, refine working mechanisms for the direct implementation of relevant constitutional provisions, strengthen constitutional review, and implement the procedures and mechanisms for interpreting the Constitution. We will implement the decision on improving the system for recording and reviewing normative documents, improve the quality of our recording and review work, and correct or rescind in accordance with the law any normative documents that conflict with the Constitution and the law. We will uphold constitutional order and the rule of law in the special administrative regions as laid down in the Constitution of China and the Basic Laws of those regions and see that the legal systems and enforcement mechanisms for safeguarding national security are properly implemented there. We will enhance public outreach, education, and theoretical research regarding the Constitution, implement the system of pledging allegiance to the Constitution, and organize activities for National Constitution Day. We will hold a symposium to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the promulgation and implementation of the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy. |
| （二）完善中国特色社会主义法律体系。认真落实常委会立法规划。编纂形成生态环境法典草案并提请审议。围绕加强人民当家作主制度保障，修改代表法、监督法、监察法、城市居民委员会组织法。围绕加快构建新发展格局、全面深化改革，制定金融稳定法、农村集体经济组织法、增值税法、民营经济促进法，修改矿产资源法、企业破产法、反不正当竞争法、会计法、招标投标法、统计法、民用航空法。围绕实施科教兴国战略和人才强国战略、建设文化强国，制定学前教育法、学位法，修改科学技术普及法、文物保护法、国家通用语言文字法。围绕保障和改善民生、维护社会和谐安定，制定民事强制执行法、法治宣传教育法、突发公共卫生事件应对法、社会救助法，修改仲裁法、监狱法、治安管理处罚法、传染病防治法。围绕推进国家安全体系和能力现代化，制定突发事件应对管理法、能源法、原子能法、危险化学品安全法，修改国防教育法、网络安全法。加强涉外领域立法，制定关税法，修改国境卫生检疫法、反洗钱法，推动我国法域外适用的法律体系建设。做好授权决定和改革决定相关工作。坚持立法为了人民、依靠人民，充分发挥人大在立法工作中的主导作用，加强对法律体系建设和立法工作规律的研究，不断提高科学立法、民主立法、依法立法水平，深入推进高质量立法。 | 2. Improving the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics
We will conscientiously work to implement the five-year legislative plan of the Standing Committee. We will compile a draft environmental code to submit for deliberation. To strengthen the institutions through which the people run the country, we will revise the Law on Deputies to the National People’s Congress and Local People’s Congresses at All Levels, the Law on the Oversight by the Standing Committees of People’s Congresses at All Levels, the Supervision Law, and the Organic Law of Urban Residents’ Committees. In order to accelerate the creation of a new pattern of development and deepen reform across the board, we will formulate a financial stability law, a law on rural collective economic organizations, a value-added tax law, and a private sector promotion law; and we will revise the Mineral Resources Law, the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law, the Unfair Competition Law, the Accounting Law, the Public Bidding Law, the Statistics Law, and the Civil Aviation Law. In regard to advancing the strategy for invigorating China through science and education and the workforce development strategy and to building a strong culture, we plan to enact a preschool education law and an academic degrees law and revise the Science and Technology Popularization Law, the Cultural Heritage Protection Law, and the Law on the Standard Spoken and Written Chinese Language. With a focus on ensuring and improving public wellbeing and ensuring social stability and harmony, we will formulate a civil compulsory enforcement law, a law on publicity of and education on the rule of law, a public health emergency response law, and a social assistance law; and we will also revise the Arbitration Law, the Prison Law, the Public Security Administrative Penalties Law, and the Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases. To modernize China’s system and capacity for national security, we will enact an emergency management law, an energy law, an atomic energy law, and a hazardous chemicals safety law, while also revising the National Defense Education Law and the Cybersecurity Law. We will formulate a tariff law and revise the Frontier Health and Quarantine Law and the Anti-Money Laundering Law in an effort to strengthen legislation in areas involving foreign affairs and develop a system of laws for extraterritorial application. We will carry out the work related to the authorization and reform decisions. In following the principle that laws are made for the people and by the people, we will fully leverage the leading role of the NPC in legislative work, strengthen our research on the development of the legal system and on the laws underlying legislative work, and make constant efforts to legislate in a more scientific, democratic, and law-based manner, so as to further improve the quality of legislation. |
| （三）扎实有效做好监督工作。聚焦党中央重大决策部署，聚焦人民群众所思所盼所愿，坚持问题导向，统筹运用法定监督方式，加强法律监督和工作监督，进一步增强监督工作的刚性和实效。今年预安排35个监督项目。检查企业国有资产法、农业法、社会保险法、非物质文化遗产法、黄河保护法等5件法律的实施情况。做好计划执行、预算执行、决算、审计、金融、国有资产管理等监督工作，首次安排听取审议政府债务管理情况专项工作报告。围绕民营经济、财政防灾减灾及应急管理资金分配和使用、中国特色世界一流的大学和优势学科建设、托育服务、养老服务、生态环境、耕地保护、防沙治沙、行政审判、行政检察、整治群众身边不正之风和腐败问题等，听取审议“一府一委两院”专项工作报告。结合听取审议中国特色世界一流的大学和优势学科建设情况报告、黄河保护法执法检查报告，开展专题询问。围绕金融服务乡村全面振兴、加强新时代安边固边兴边、发展农业社会化服务、预算法实施、政府采购管理与改革、城市安全发展、“八五”普法决议执行、发挥侨务资源优势等开展专题调研。加强人大信访工作，推进信访工作法治化。 | 3. Taking solid steps to exercise effective oversight
Our oversight will focus on major decisions and plans laid out by the CPC Central Committee, respond to the people’s concerns and expectations, and be oriented toward solving problems. We will employ a combination of statutory oversight methods to strengthen the oversight of law implementation and the work of state institutions and make our oversight more binding and effective. We have prepared 35 oversight programs for this year. We will conduct inspections into the implementation of five laws, namely the Law on State-Owned Assets of Enterprises, the Agriculture Law, the Social Insurance Law, the Intangible Cultural Heritage Law, and the Yellow River Protection Law. We will exercise oversight of the implementation of the plan for economic and social development, the execution of budgets, final accounts, auditing work, financial work, and state-owned asset management. We will hear and review the work report on government debt management for the first time. We will hear and review reports of the State Council, the National Commission of Supervision, the Supreme People’s Court, and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate on the work related to the private sector, allocation and use of government funds for disaster prevention and mitigation and emergency management, development of world-class universities with Chinese features and strong disciplines, childcare, elderly care, the environment, arable land protection, desertification control, the hearing of administrative cases, procuratorates’ oversight of administrative litigation, and elimination of misconduct and corruption that occur at people’s doorsteps. We will carry out special inquiries on the basis of hearing and reviewing the reports on the development of world-class universities with Chinese features and strong disciplines and on inspections into the implementation of the Yellow River Protection Law. We will conduct field research on financial services provided to support full rural revitalization, efforts in strengthening stability, security, and development in border areas in the new era, development of commercial agricultural services, implementation of the Budget Law, management and reform of government procurement, construction of safer cities, implementation of the resolution on the eighth five-year initiative to increase public legal literacy, and potential ways to make use of the strengths of Chinese nationals overseas. We will also improve the NPC’s handling of complaints and suggestions from the public and put this work on a more solid legal footing. |
| （四）充分发挥人大代表作用。制定关于加强全国人大代表工作能力建设的若干意见，更好服务保障代表依法履职。健全常委会、专门委员会、工作委员会联系人大代表的制度机制，丰富联系的内容和方式，发挥代表在立法、监督、对外交往工作中的作用。定期召开列席常委会会议代表座谈会。提高代表视察、调研实效，稳妥推进代表跨区域考察视察调研活动。支持代表通过多种方式密切联系人民群众，健全代表反映群众意见的处理反馈机制。围绕“内容高质量”、“办理高质量”，优化代表议案建议全流程工作机制，提升议案建议提出和办理质效。做好代表学习培训工作，加强专题培训和履职经验交流。及时向代表通报情况、提供信息资料，保证代表知情知政。 | 4. Giving full play to the roles of NPC deputies
With a view to providing better services and support for deputies’ performance of their duties in accordance with the law, we will formulate guidelines on how to improve the competence of NPC deputies. We will improve the systems and mechanisms through which the Standing Committee, special committees, and working commissions and committees stay in contact with deputies, and we will refine our work to ensure that they engage deputies on a broader range of issues and by more diverse means. We will give full play to the roles of deputies in legislation, oversight, and international exchanges. We will hold regular meetings for non-voting deputies attending Standing Committee meetings. We will work to see deputies’ inspections and research trips produce real results and make prudent progress in organizing trans-regional field surveys, inspections, and research trips for them. We will support deputies in maintaining close ties with the people through diverse channels and refine mechanisms for handling and giving feedback on public opinions brought forward by deputies. We will overhaul the working mechanisms for the entire process of submitting and handling deputy proposals and suggestions, so as to improve their quality and handle them more effectively. We will improve study seminars and training for deputies, organize more special training sessions, and promote the sharing of experience gained in the course of performing their duties. We will keep deputies informed of developments in state affairs and government work by promptly providing them related information and materials. |
| （五）拓展深化人大对外交往。贯彻落实党中央外交大政方针和决策部署，发挥人大对外交往特点优势，增强对外交往的主动性、针对性、有效性，更好服务中国特色大国外交。同外国议会开展多层次、多渠道、多领域、多形式的交流合作，广泛参与多边议会组织活动，继续办好有关国家议员和议会工作人员在华研讨班。积极主动、精准有效对外宣介中国道路、制度、理念、主张、成就。运用法治方式开展涉外斗争，坚决维护国家主权、安全、发展利益。 | 5. Expanding international exchanges
In implementing the major diplomatic policies, decisions, and plans of the CPC Central Committee, we will leverage our unique features and strengths in conducting international relations and strive to make our foreign exchanges more proactive, better targeted, and more fruitful, so as to make even greater contributions to advancing major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics. We will conduct exchanges and cooperation with parliaments of other countries on multiple levels, through different channels, and in various fields and forms, extensively participate in activities organized by multilateral parliamentary organizations, and continue to host seminars in China for the members and staff members of foreign parliaments. We will communicate China’s path, systems, ideas, propositions, and achievements to the rest of the world in a proactive, targeted, and effective manner. We will also use legal means to stand up for our country in the international arena and resolutely safeguard China’s sovereignty, security, and development interests. |
| （六）提升常委会自身建设水平。扎实推进“四个机关”建设，更好担负起党和人民赋予的使命任务。巩固拓展主题教育成果，坚持不懈用习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想凝心铸魂，在真学真信真用上下功夫。落实全面从严治党要求，把党的政治建设摆在首位，不断提高全国人大党的建设质量。完善人大的民主民意表达平台和载体，健全吸纳民意、汇集民智工作机制，深入开展调查研究，问计于民、问需于民。落实意识形态工作责任制，加强人大新闻舆论工作。更好发挥专门委员会和工作委员会作用，加强全国人大机关建设，打造政治坚定、服务人民、尊崇法治、发扬民主、勤勉尽责的人大工作队伍。加强同地方人大的联系、协同、联动，深化与各方面的协调合作，完善同向发力、同题共答的制度机制，增强人大工作的整体实效。 | 6. Strengthening self-improvement efforts
We will take solid steps to fulfill the four-fold role and better shoulder the missions and tasks entrusted to us by the CPC and the people. We will consolidate and build on the achievements of the thematic educational campaign and continue to apply Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era in enhancing cohesion and building inner strength. We will work hard to ensure our full comprehension of this theory, place our sincere faith in it, and earnestly apply it in practice. In compliance with the requirement for full and rigorous Party self-governance, we will give top priority to strengthening the Party politically and build stronger Party organizations in the NPC. We will improve the NPC’s democratic platforms and vehicles through which the general public can express their opinions, refine working mechanisms for soliciting public comments and collecting ideas from the people, and conduct in-depth research and investigations. This will allow us to better listen to the people’s opinions and suggestions and better respond to their needs. We will implement the responsibility system for ideological work and enhance our media and public communication work. We will encourage special committees and working commissions and committees to better play their roles, strengthen the development of NPC bodies, and build an NPC team that is politically steadfast and dedicated to serving the people, respects the rule of law, promotes democracy, and works hard with a strong sense of responsibility. We will strengthen our ties, collaboration, and coordination with local people’s congresses, increase coordination and cooperation with all sides, and develop effective mechanisms to create synergy for pursuing our shared missions. All of this will enhance the overall effectiveness of the work of people’s congresses. |
| 人民代表大会制度是坚持党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一的根本政治制度安排，是实现我国全过程人民民主的重要制度载体。要深入学习贯彻习近平总书记关于坚持和完善人民代表大会制度的重要思想，精心组织庆祝全国人民代表大会成立70周年活动，总结、研究、宣传人民代表大会制度的光辉历程、实践经验、优势功效，坚定制度自信，增强历史主动，推进全过程人民民主建设，坚持好、完善好、运行好人民代表大会制度，坚定不移走中国特色社会主义政治发展道路。 | The system of people’s congresses is a political system fundamental to the unity between the leadership by the Party, the running of the country by the people, and law-based governance. It is an important institutional vehicle for realizing China’s whole-process people’s democracy.
We will further study and apply General Secretary Xi Jinping’s key ideas on upholding and improving the people’s congress system. We will organize activities to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the NPC and review, research, and communicate the glorious history, practical experience, and unique strengths and functions of the people’s congress system. This will help us maintain firm confidence in our system, show greater historical initiative, and advance whole-process people’s democracy, so as to uphold, improve, and run this system to good effect and stay firmly committed to socialist political advancement with Chinese characteristics. |
| 各位代表！ | Fellow Deputies, |
| 在新时代新征程上，让我们更加紧密地团结在以习近平同志为核心的党中央周围，紧紧围绕以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业，团结奋斗、锐意进取、真抓实干，以优异成绩迎接中华人民共和国成立75周年！ | On our new journey in the new era, let us rally more closely around the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core.
Let us remain focused on building a great country and advance national rejuvenation on all fronts through Chinese modernization. Let us work hard in unity, forge ahead with determination, and deliver real results through solid work to secure excellent achievements by the time we celebrate the 75th anniversary of the People’s Republic of China. |
2023
[编辑]| 全国人民代表大会常务委员会工作报告 (2023) | NPCSC Work Report (2023) |
|---|---|
| 各位代表： | Fellow Deputies, |
| 现在，我受十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会委托，向大会报告工作，请予审议。 | On behalf of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People’s Congress (NPC), I now present this report on its work for your deliberation. |
| 过去一年及五年的主要工作 | The Major Work of the Past Year and the Past Five Years |
| 党的十八大以来，面对严峻复杂的国际形势和接踵而至的风险挑战，以习近平同志为核心的党中央团结带领全党全军全国各族人民，采取一系列战略性举措，推进一系列变革性实践，实现一系列突破性进展，取得一系列标志性成果，推动我国迈上全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程。我们党胜利召开举世瞩目的第十九次、第二十次全国代表大会，深刻回答新时代新征程坚持和发展中国特色社会主义一系列重大理论和实践问题，为全面建设社会主义现代化国家、全面推进中华民族伟大复兴指明了前进方向、确立了行动指南，以其在政治上、理论上、实践上的一系列重大成果载入史册，也为做好新时代人大工作进一步指明了方向，提供了遵循。 | Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2012, in response to grave, intricate international developments and a succession of risks and challenges, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has brought together the entire Party, the entire military, and the entire Chinese people and led them in adopting a number of strategic measures, developing a range of transformative practices, and making a series of breakthroughs and landmark advances, thereby setting China on a new journey toward building a modern socialist country in all respects.
The Communist Party of China’s 19th and 20th national congresses captured worldwide attention and provided profound answers to a number of major theoretical and practical questions on upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics on the new journey in the new era. They charted a course and established a guide to action for building a modern socialist country in all respects and advancing national rejuvenation on all fronts. Rich in major political, theoretical, and practical achievements, the two congresses will go down in history. They set the direction and offered guidelines for carrying out the work of people’s congresses in the new era. |
| 过去一年，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，全国人大常委会认真贯彻党的十九大、二十大精神，坚持高质量做好立法工作，制定法律5件，修改法律9件，通过有关法律问题和重大问题的决定4件，作出法律解释1件；坚持高质量做好监督工作，检查5件法律的实施情况，听取审议23个监督工作报告，开展专题询问，进行8项专题调研；坚持高质量做好代表工作，办理代表议案487件、建议9349件，共有100多人次代表参与常委会、专门委员会、工作委员会的工作；坚持高质量做好外事工作，决定批准或者加入条约和重要协定14项，举行双边视频活动、线上出席国际会议116场，开展线下外事活动38场，外交信函往来近600件；依法任免国家机关工作人员393人次，圆满完成十三届全国人大五次会议确定的任务。 | Over the past year, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, the 13th NPC Standing Committee earnestly implemented the guiding principles from the Party’s 19th and 20th national congresses and accomplished all the tasks set forth at the Fifth Session of the 13th NPC in March 2022.
· In pursuing high-quality legislation, we formulated 5 laws, revised 9 laws, adopted 4 decisions on legal issues and major matters, and issued 1 legal interpretation. · In exercising effective oversight, we conducted inspections on the implementation of 5 laws, heard and deliberated 23 oversight reports, held special inquiries, and carried out 8 research projects. · In adhering to high standards in our work related to deputies, we processed 487 proposals and 9,349 suggestions from deputies and saw deputy attendance in the work of the Standing Committee, special committees, and working commissions and committees exceed 100. · In advancing our diplomatic agenda, we made decisions on ratifying or entering into 14 treaties and important agreements, organized and attended 116 bilateral video events and international video conferences, held 38 offline foreign affairs events, and exchanged nearly 600 diplomatic letters. · We approved 393 appointments and removals of employees of state institutions in accordance with the law. |
| 各位代表！ | Fellow Deputies, |
| 十三届全国人大常委会的五年任期，正逢党和国家事业蓬勃发展的伟大历史变革时期。常委会深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，始终坚定维护党中央权威和集中统一领导，坚决贯彻党的理论和路线方针政策，牢牢把握人大工作正确方向，紧跟党中央重大决策部署，紧贴人民群众对美好生活的期盼，紧扣推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的需求，贯彻全过程人民民主重大理念，紧紧依靠全体代表，依法行使立法权、监督权、决定权、任免权，切实履行党和人民赋予的光荣职责，努力做到不负党中央重托、不负人民期望的庄严承诺。 | The five-year term of the 13th NPC Standing Committee was a time of historic change in China in which the cause of the Party and the country flourished. We acquired a deep understanding of the decisive significance of establishing Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and establishing the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We became more conscious of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment with the central Party leadership. We stayed confident in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics. We upheld Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and upheld the Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership.
We resolutely implemented the Party’s theories, lines, principles, and policies and kept the NPC’s work oriented in the right direction. We closely followed the Party Central Committee’s major decisions and plans, aligned ourselves with the people’s aspirations for a better life, and focused on the need to modernize China’s system and capacity for governance. We put into practice the important concept of whole-process people’s democracy and closely relied on all deputies in exercising our powers to enact laws, conduct oversight, make decisions, and appoint and remove officials in accordance with the law. We earnestly fulfilled the honorable duties conferred upon us by the Party and the people and strove to honor our solemn commitment to living up to the trust of the Party Central Committee and the expectations of the people. |
| 五年来，最重要的成果是，以习近平同志为核心的党中央指导推动人大制度理论和人大工作实践取得了重要进展：习近平总书记提出全过程人民民主重大理念，深刻阐释我国社会主义民主的基本内涵、本质特征、重大原则，对马克思主义民主政治理论作出了原创性贡献；习近平总书记关于坚持和完善人民代表大会制度的重要思想，明确人大“四个机关”的定位，标志着人民代表大会制度更加成熟定型、更加巩固完善；党中央首次召开人大工作会议，习近平总书记发表重要讲话，对新时代坚持和完善人民代表大会制度、加强和改进人大工作作出系统部署；人民代表大会制度把坚持党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国三者真正打通、有机统一起来，发挥支撑国家治理体系和治理能力的根本政治制度作用；人民代表大会制度的整体功效得到充分彰显，在实践中显示出强大的生命力和巨大的优越性，确保人民依法通过各种途径和形式管理国家事务，管理经济和文化事业，管理社会事务。 | Over the past five years, our most important achievements are progress in developing the theory on the people’s congress system and in carrying out the practical work of the people’s congresses with the guidance and encouragement of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core.
Specifically, General Secretary Xi Jinping put forward the important concept of whole-process people’s democracy and expounded the basic meaning, defining features, and major principles of China’s socialist democracy, thus making an original contribution to Marxist theory on democracy. His thinking on upholding and improving the people’s congress system clarified the four-fold role of people’s congresses. This marked a step forward in better defining the people’s congress system and making it more mature, consolidated, and complete. In October 2021, the Party Central Committee held the first-ever conference on people’s congresses’ work, where General Secretary Xi Jinping gave an important speech and laid out systematic plans for upholding and improving the people’s congress system and strengthening and enhancing the work of people’s congresses in the new era. The system of people’s congresses has ensured the genuine and organic integration of Party leadership, the running of the country by the people, and law-based governance, and it serves as China’s foundational political system that underpins the country’s governance system and capacity. The people’s congress system has been brought into full play, and, in practice, it has displayed tremendous vitality and strengths. It provides safeguards for the people to manage state affairs, economic and cultural undertakings, and social affairs through various channels and in various ways in accordance with the law. |
| 五年来，通过宪法修正案，制定法律47件，修改法律111件次，作出法律解释、有关法律问题和重大问题的决定决议53件，已经审议尚未通过的法律案、决定案19件；听取审议182个监督工作报告和其他报告，检查30件法律和决定实施情况，开展11次专题询问、33项专题调研；2282件代表议案、43750件代表建议已全部办理完毕，代表对议案建议办理工作满意度达到98%；决定批准或者加入条约和重要协定36项，组派、接待出来访团组261个，举行和参加双多边线上外事活动400余场；依法任免国家机关工作人员1515人次。主要开展了以下工作。 | Over the past five years, we adopted an amendment to the Constitution, formulated 47 laws, conducted 111 rounds of revision to existing laws, and adopted 53 interpretations, decisions, and resolutions on legal issues and major matters. A total of 19 draft laws and decisions were deliberated and are pending adoption. We heard and discussed 182 reports on oversight work and other issues, inspected the implementation of 30 laws and decisions, and carried out 11 special inquiries and 33 research projects. All 2,282 proposals and 43,750 suggestions we received from deputies have been processed, with 98 percent of deputies reporting that they were satisfied with the handling of their proposals or suggestions. We made decisions on ratifying or entering into 36 treaties and important agreements, sent or received a total of 261 delegations, and held and attended over 400 bilateral and multilateral diplomatic events via video. We also approved 1,515 appointments and removals of employees of state institutions in accordance with the law. Our main work during the past five years was as follows. |
| 一、全面贯彻实施宪法，维护宪法权威和尊严 | 1. Ensuring full implementation of the Constitution and upholding its authority and sanctity |
| 在现行宪法公布施行40周年之际，习近平总书记发表重要文章，深刻阐释宪法的崇高地位，强调坚持和加强党对宪法工作的全面领导，要求把宪法实施贯穿到治国理政各方面全过程，为全面贯彻实施宪法指明了方向。 | In his article marking the 40th anniversary of the current Constitution, General Secretary Xi Jinping discussed the Constitution’s supremacy, emphasized the importance of upholding and strengthening the Party’s overall leadership over constitutional work, and called for the implementation of the Constitution in all aspects of China’s governance, thereby setting the direction for putting the Constitution into full effect. |
| （一）完善宪法及宪法相关法。十三届全国人大一次会议通过宪法修正案，明确中国共产党领导是中国特色社会主义最本质的特征，确立习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想在国家政治和社会生活中的指导地位。健全人大组织制度、选举制度和运行机制，修改选举法、全国人大常委会议事规则，提请代表大会审议修改全国人大组织法、全国人大议事规则、地方组织法，审议立法法修正草案并提请大会审议。制定监察法、监察官法、公职人员政务处分法，作出关于国家监察委员会制定监察法规的决定。修改人民法院组织法、人民检察院组织法、法官法、检察官法，制定人民陪审员法。修改公务员法、工会法、村民委员会组织法、城市居民委员会组织法。制定英雄烈士保护法，修改国旗法、国徽法，推动落实国歌法有关规定，依法维护英雄烈士尊严和合法权益，维护国家象征和标志尊严，弘扬社会主义核心价值观和爱国主义精神，承担起依法维护国家意识形态安全的政治责任。 | (1) We improved the Constitution and relevant laws.
The amendment to the Constitution adopted at the First Session of the 13th NPC in March 2018 made it clear that the leadership of the Communist Party of China is the defining feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and it established the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era in China’s political and social activities. We improved the organizational and electoral systems of people’s congresses and their operating mechanisms. We revised the Electoral Law and the Rules of Procedure of the NPC Standing Committee. We submitted to the NPC for deliberation draft revisions of the NPC Organic Law, the NPC Rules of Procedure, and the Organic Law of Local People’s Congresses at All Levels and Local People’s Governments at All Levels. We deliberated the draft revisions to the Legislation Law and submitted them to this session for deliberation. We formulated the Supervision Law, the Supervisory Officers Law, and the Law on Administrative Action for Public Employees and made a decision on the formulation of supervisory regulations by the National Commission of Supervision. We revised the Organic Law of the People’s Courts, the Organic Law of the People’s Procuratorates, the Judges Law, and the Procurators Law and formulated the People’s Jurors Law. We revised the Civil Servants Law, the Trade Union Law, the Organic Law of Villagers’ Committees, and the Organic Law of Urban Residents’ Committees. We formulated the Law on the Protection of Heroes and Martyrs, revised the National Flag Law and the National Emblem Law, and promoted the implementation of relevant stipulations in the National Anthem Law. With these efforts, we protected the dignity and legal rights and interests of our heroes and martyrs, preserved the dignity of our national symbols, and championed patriotism and the core socialist values, thus assuming our political duty to ensure China’s ideological security in accordance with the law. |
| （二）维护特别行政区宪制秩序。十三届全国人大三次会议根据宪法通过关于建立健全香港特别行政区维护国家安全的法律制度和执行机制的决定，常委会根据大会授权制定香港特别行政区维护国家安全法，并决定将其列入香港基本法附件三，明确由香港特别行政区在当地公布实施，扭转香港在国家安全领域长期不设防的严峻局面。对香港国安法有关条款作出解释，进一步明确香港国安委和行政长官在处理国家安全问题上的地位和职责。十三届全国人大四次会议根据宪法通过关于完善香港特别行政区选举制度的决定，常委会根据大会授权修订香港基本法附件一和附件二，完善行政长官和立法会两个产生办法，作出关于香港特别行政区立法会议员资格问题的决定等，形成一套有效的民主选举制度。先后就澳门特别行政区对横琴口岸澳方口岸区及相关延伸区实施管辖、在粤港澳大湾区内地九市开展香港法律执业者和澳门执业律师从业试点等事项作出决定，推动香港、澳门更好融入国家发展大局。关于特别行政区的一系列立法和决定，落实“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治方针和“爱国者治港”、“爱国者治澳”原则，充分体现中央全面管治权，为推动香港进入由乱到治走向由治及兴的新阶段、保持香港澳门长期繁荣稳定提供了有力法治保障。 | (2) We maintained constitutional order in the special administrative regions.
In May 2020, a decision on establishing a sound legal system and enforcement mechanisms for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) to safeguard national security was adopted in accordance with the Constitution at the Third Session of the 13th NPC. As authorized at the Session, we formulated the Law on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong SAR and decided to add it to Annex III to the Basic Law of the Hong Kong SAR, to be promulgated and implemented locally by the Hong Kong SAR. This filled a long-existing legislative vacuum with regard to national security in Hong Kong. We also adopted an interpretation of certain articles in the Law on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong SAR, further clarifying the position and duties of the Committee for Safeguarding National Security and the chief executive of Hong Kong in dealing with national security issues. In March 2021, a decision on improving the electoral system of Hong Kong was adopted in accordance with the Constitution at the Fourth Session of the 13th NPC. We revised Annex I and Annex II to the Basic Law of the Hong Kong SAR as authorized at the Session to improve the methods for the selection of the chief executive and for the formation of the Legislative Council, and we also adopted a decision on issues regarding the qualifications of members of the Legislative Council, thus helping develop an effective system for democratic election. We adopted decisions to grant the Macao SAR jurisdiction over the Macao side of the Hengqin port and related extended areas and to launch trials for allowing lawyers from Hong Kong and Macao to practice in nine mainland cities in the Greater Bay Area, in order to support Hong Kong and Macao in better integrating themselves into China’s overall development. In adopting the legislation and decisions concerning the special administrative regions, we fully implemented the policy of One Country, Two Systems, under which the people of Hong Kong administer Hong Kong and the people of Macao administer Macao, both with a high degree of autonomy. We worked to see that Hong Kong and Macao are administered by patriots and that the central government exercises overall jurisdiction over the two regions. These efforts provided a strong legal foundation for Hong Kong’s entry into a new stage in which it has restored order and is set to thrive and for ensuring the long-term prosperity and stability of Hong Kong and Macao. |
| （三）加强合宪性审查工作、提高备案审查工作质量。建立健全合宪性审查工作机制，在立法修法的事前、事中、事后开展全过程、常态化的合宪性审查。就人口与计划生育法修正草案中的合宪性问题，形成涉及宪法规定问题的研究意见。及时回应、妥善处理保护公民通信自由和通信秘密、统一城乡人身损害赔偿标准、民族地区推广使用国家通用语言文字等社会关切，确保法律法规和政策举措符合宪法规定、宪法原则、宪法精神。制定法规、司法解释备案审查工作办法，建立健全备案审查衔接联动机制、常委会听取审议备案审查年度工作情况报告制度，成立备案审查专家委员会，备案审查工作制度化、规范化、专业化水平显著提升。坚持有件必备、有备必审、有错必纠，对报送备案的7261件规范性文件逐件进行审查，对公民、组织提出的17769件审查建议逐件进行研究，认真提出处理意见；对涉及生态环境保护、优化营商环境、食品药品安全、人口与计划生育、民法典贯彻实施、行政处罚等20多个领域的规范性文件开展专项审查和清理，督促推动制定机关修改或废止2.5万多件，维护了公民合法权益和国家法治统一。 | (3) We strengthened constitutional review and enhanced the recording and review of normative documents.
We developed sound working mechanisms for constitutional review and conducted ex ante, interim, and ex post constitutional reviews on a regular basis throughout our legislation and revision processes. In response to questions regarding the constitutionality of the draft revisions of the Population and Family Planning Law, we issued opinions based on our research into relevant matters stipulated by the Constitution. We responded promptly to public concerns, including on protecting freedom of correspondence and privacy of correspondence, establishing unified personal injury compensation standards for urban and rural residents, and promoting the use of standard spoken and written Chinese in areas with large ethnic minority populations. We worked to see that all laws, regulations, policies, and measures conformed to the Constitution both in letter and in spirit. We formulated methods for recording and reviewing regulations and judicial interpretations. We developed sound mechanisms for coordinating recording and review work and for hearing and deliberating an annual report on this work. We also established an expert committee for recording and review. Our work in this area has become significantly more institutionalized, procedure-based, and professional. We made it a rule to put on record all documents that are subject to recording, to review all recorded documents, and to correct all errors identified. As such, we reviewed all 7,261 normative documents submitted for recording and review and examined 17,769 suggestions for review from citizens and organizations, offering opinions on how to deal with them. We reviewed and overhauled normative documents in over 20 areas, including environmental protection, improvement of the business environment, food and drug safety, population and family planning, implementation of the Civil Code, and administrative penalties, and we urged relevant formulating bodies to revise or rescind more than 25,000 documents. By doing so, we protected the legal rights and interests of our citizens and upheld the unity of the law. |
| （四）推动宪法实施和宣传教育。认真组织开展每年的国家宪法日活动，召开国家宪法日座谈会，推动宪法实施成为全体人民的自觉行动。实施宪法规定的相关制度，两次作出关于授予国家勋章和国家荣誉称号的决定，表彰为新中国建设和发展建立卓越功勋的杰出人士和为促进中外交流合作作出杰出贡献的国际友人，表彰在抗击新冠肺炎疫情斗争中作出杰出贡献的人士；作出关于对部分服刑罪犯予以特赦的决定，经法定程序特赦服刑罪犯23593人，彰显了社会主义的人道主义精神。组织常委会任命的132人次国家工作人员进行宪法宣誓，增强公职人员贯彻实施宪法的自觉性、主动性。 | (4) We promoted compliance with and public awareness of the Constitution.
We organized activities and symposiums to mark National Constitution Day every year, helping people everywhere become more mindful of the Constitution. In line with the Constitution, we made two decisions to confer national medals and titles of honor to commend prominent figures who have achieved outstanding accomplishments in the development of the People’s Republic of China, foreign friends who have contributed greatly to cooperation and exchanges between China and other countries, and people who have made outstanding contributions in the fight against Covid-19. We also decided to grant special pardons to certain criminals serving sentences, with a total of 23,593 criminals being pardoned through legal procedures, demonstrating the socialist humanitarian spirit. We organized ceremonies for 132 newly appointed officials to pledge allegiance to the Constitution, helping increase our public employees’ sense of purpose and motivation regarding constitutional implementation. |
| 在推动实施宪法的实践中，我们更加深刻认识到，宪法集中体现了党和人民的统一意志和共同愿望，是国家意志的最高表现形式，具有根本性、全局性、稳定性、长期性。宪法规定的是国家的重大制度和重大事项，在国家和社会生活中具有总括性、原则性、纲领性、方向性。宪法的生命在于实施，宪法的权威也在于实施。要与时俱进完善和发展宪法，健全保证宪法全面实施的制度体系，完善宪法相关法律制度和机制，确保在法治轨道上推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化、建设社会主义现代化国家。 | In promoting its implementation, we have become more keenly aware that the Constitution embodies the collective will and common aspirations of the Party and the people; that it is the highest form of expression of the state’s will; and that it is foundational, overarching, stable, and enduring. The Constitution contains provisions on the country’s major systems and matters, and it bears overall, principled, programmatic, and guiding significance for the nation and society. The very life of the Constitution is in its implementation, as is its authority. We must improve and develop the Constitution in keeping with the times, improve the institutional framework for ensuring its full implementation, and update relevant legal systems and mechanisms, so as to provide a legal footing for efforts to modernize China’s system and capacity for governance and build a modern socialist country. |
| 二、完善中国特色社会主义法律体系，以良法促进发展、保障善治 | 2. Improving the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics and making good laws to promote development and ensure good governance |
| 适应新时代对立法工作提出的新要求，紧扣实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重大部署，聚焦法治领域短板和弱项，加强重点领域、新兴领域、涉外领域立法，增强立法系统性、整体性、协同性、时效性。 | Adapting to the new requirements for our legislative work in the new era, we closely followed the major plans for modernizing China’s system and capacity for governance, bolstered legislation in key areas, emerging areas, and foreign-related areas to shore up shortcomings and weaknesses in advancing the rule of law, and made our legislative work more systematic, holistic, coordinated, and responsive. |
| （一）围绕促进高质量发展立法。常委会会议7次审议民法典草案有关内容并7次公开征求意见，十三届全国人大三次会议审议通过我国首部法典民法典。制定外商投资法、海南自由贸易港法，推动新一轮高水平对外开放。及时制定乡村振兴促进法，修改种子法、农村土地承包法、土地管理法、农产品质量安全法、畜牧法，审议农村集体经济组织法草案等，助推乡村振兴、农业农村优先发展。制定电子商务法、期货和衍生品法，修改反垄断法、证券法、安全生产法、审计法、城市房地产管理法、台湾同胞投资保护法、对外贸易法，审议金融稳定法草案、公司法修订草案等，推动形成更加公平合理的市场经济法律制度。修改专利法、著作权法、科学技术进步法，助力科技强国建设，推动实现科技自立自强。落实税收法定原则，制定耕地占用税法、车辆购置税法、资源税法、城市维护建设税法、契税法、印花税法，修改个人所得税法，审议增值税法草案，现行18个税种中已有12个税种制定法律，进一步完善税收法律制度体系。 | (1) We advanced legislative work to promote high-quality development.
We conducted seven rounds of deliberation on China’s first-ever code, the Civil Code, and solicited public opinions on seven occasions before it was deliberated and adopted at the Third Session of the 13th NPC. We formulated the Foreign Investment Law and the Hainan Free Trade Port Law to support a new round of high-standard opening up. In order to stimulate rural revitalization and prioritize agricultural and rural development, we enacted the Rural Revitalization Promotion Law in a timely manner; revised the Seed Law, the Law on the Contracting of Rural Land, the Land Administration Law, the Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Law, and the Animal Husbandry Law; and deliberated draft laws on rural collective economic organizations and other issues. In an effort to establish a fairer and more equitable legal system underpinning the market economy, we formulated the Electronic Commerce Law and the Law on Futures and Derivatives; revised the Anti-Monopoly Law, the Securities Law, the Workplace Safety Law, the Audit Law, the Urban Real Estate Administration Law, the Law on the Protection of Investment of Taiwan Compatriots, and the Foreign Trade Law; and deliberated a draft law on financial stability, draft revisions to the Company Law, and other draft laws. We revised the Patent Law, the Copyright Law, and the Scientific and Technological Progress Law to help build China’s strength and self-reliance in science and technology. To ensure taxation is administered in accordance with the law, we enacted the Cultivated Land Occupation Tax Law, the Vehicle Purchase Tax Law, the Resource Tax Law, the Urban Maintenance and Construction Tax Law, the Deed Transfer Tax Law, and the Stamp Tax Law; we revised the Individual Income Tax Law; and we deliberated a draft law on value-added tax. With laws having been made for 12 out of 18 tax categories, we have further improved the legal system for taxation. |
| （二）加快国家安全领域立法。把维护国家安全放在立法工作的重要位置，制定生物安全法、数据安全法、密码法、陆地国界法、反有组织犯罪法，修改反恐怖主义法、国家情报法、档案法、海上交通安全法，审议反间谍法修订草案。加强涉外领域立法，制定反外国制裁法、出口管制法，审议对外关系法草案、外国国家豁免法草案，健全完善反制裁、反干涉、反“长臂管辖”的法律制度，为维护国家和人民利益提供法律保障。批准引渡、刑事司法协助、反极端主义、移管被判刑人、武器贸易、联合军事演习、反恐怖、民用航空等领域的条约和重要协定。制定国际刑事司法协助法，修改刑事诉讼法，为境外追逃追赃工作提供法律手段。制定海警法、军人地位和权益保障法、预备役人员法、消防救援衔条例，修改国防法、人民武装警察法、兵役法、军事设施保护法，作出关于深化国防动员体制改革期间暂时调整适用相关法律规定、中国人民解放军现役士兵衔级制度、军队战时调整适用刑事诉讼法部分规定等决定，推动提高国防和军队建设法治化水平。 | (2) We accelerated legislation relating to national security.
Giving prominence to safeguarding national security in our legislative work, we formulated the Biosecurity Law, the Data Security Law, the Cryptography Law, the Land Border Law, and the Anti-Organized Crime Law; we revised the Counter-Terrorism Law, the National Intelligence Law, the Archives Law, and the Maritime Traffic Safety Law; and we deliberated draft revisions to the Counter-Espionage Law. To step up legislation in foreign-related fields, we enacted the Law on Countering Foreign Sanctions and the Export Control Law and deliberated draft laws on foreign relations and foreign state immunity. With these efforts, we improved the legal system for opposing foreign sanctions, interference, and long-arm jurisdiction and provided legal protection for the interests of our country and our people. We ratified treaties and important agreements in areas such as extradition, criminal judicial assistance, countering extremism, transfer of sentenced persons, arms trade, joint military exercises, counter-terrorism, and civil aviation. We formulated the Law on International Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters and revised the Criminal Procedure Law, thus providing legal means for pursuing fugitives who have fled abroad and recovering stolen state assets. We formulated the Coast Guard Law, the Law on the Protection of the Status, Rights, and Interests of Servicepersons, the Reserve Forces Law, and the Regulations on Firefighter Ranks. We revised the National Defense Law, the Law on the People’s Armed Police, the Military Service Law, and the Law on the Protection of Military Installations. We made decisions on temporarily adjusting the application of certain laws during the reform of the national defense mobilization system, on the rank system for active-duty enlisted service members of the People’s Liberation Army, and on adjusting the application of certain provisions of the Criminal Procedure Law for the military during wartime. All this has helped strengthen the rule of law in national defense and military development. |
| （三）形成生态环保法律制度体系。围绕深化生态文明建设，加强生态环保立法，制定土壤污染防治法、噪声污染防治法、湿地保护法，修改固体废物污染环境防治法、野生动物保护法、森林法，制定长江保护法、黄河保护法、黑土地保护法，起草审议青藏高原生态保护法草案、海洋环境保护法修订草案，通过关于全面加强生态环境保护、依法推动打好污染防治攻坚战的决议。通过不懈努力，生态环保领域形成了由1部基础性、综合性的环境保护法，若干部涉及大气、水、固体废物、土壤、噪声、海洋、湿地、草原、森林、沙漠等专门法律，长江保护法、黄河保护法、黑土地保护法及正在审议中的青藏高原生态保护法草案等4部特殊区域法律组成的“1+N+4”法律制度体系，有力推动了人与自然和谐共生的美丽中国建设。 | (3) We established a system of laws for environmental protection.
We stepped up legislative work in environmental protection to promote ecological advancement. We formulated the Law on the Prevention and Control of Soil Pollution, the Law on the Prevention and Control of Noise Pollution, and the Wetland Conservation Law and revised the Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes, the Wildlife Protection Law, and the Forest Law. We formulated the Yangtze River Protection Law, the Yellow River Protection Law, and the Black Soil Protection Law; we drafted and deliberated a law on ecological conservation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and revisions to the Marine Environment Protection Law; and we adopted a resolution on strengthening environmental protection across the board and advancing the battle against pollution in accordance with the law. Through unremitting efforts, we have developed a “1+N+4” legal system for environmental protection, which consists of the Environmental Protection Law as the foundational, umbrella law; a number of laws in specific areas including air, water, solid wastes, soil, noise, sea, wetlands, grasslands, forests, and deserts; and four laws for special regions, namely the Yangtze River Protection Law, the Yellow River Protection Law, the Black Soil Protection Law, and the draft law on ecological conservation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau currently under deliberation. In doing so, we have effectively advanced the Beautiful China Initiative, which aims to achieve harmony between humanity and nature. |
| （四）做好社会建设和民生领域立法。保障公民受教育的权利，制定家庭教育促进法，修改教育法、职业教育法，推动提高教育现代化水平。制定强化公共卫生法治保障立法修法工作计划，制定基本医疗卫生与健康促进法、疫苗管理法、医师法，修改动物防疫法、药品管理法，作出关于全面禁止野生动物非法交易和食用的决定。回应人民群众反映强烈的问题，制定个人信息保护法、反电信网络诈骗法、法律援助法、社区矫正法、反食品浪费法，修改民事诉讼法、行政处罚法、社会保险法、人口与计划生育法、体育法，作出关于废止有关收容教育法律规定和制度的决定，审议行政诉讼法修正草案等，用法治保障人民权益、增进民生福祉。通过刑法修正案（十一）。制定退役军人保障法，修改妇女权益保障法、未成年人保护法、预防未成年人犯罪法，加强特殊群体权益保障。 | (4) We carried out legislative work to promote social development and improve the people’s wellbeing.
To protect our citizens’ right to education, we formulated the Family Education Promotion Law and revised the Education Law and the Vocational Education Law, thus driving modernization in the education sector. We drew up a work plan for enacting and revising laws to strengthen the rule of law in the public health sector. We formulated the Law on Basic Medical and Health Care and the Promotion of Health, the Vaccine Administration Law, and the Physicians Law; revised the Law on Animal Epidemic Prevention and the Drug Administration Law; and made a decision to completely ban the illegal trade and consumption of wildlife. Addressing issues of great public concern, we formulated the Personal Information Protection Law, the Law on Countering Telecom and Online Fraud, the Legal Aid Law, the Community Correction Law, and the Law on Food Waste; we revised the Civil Procedure Law, the Administrative Penalty Law, the Social Insurance Law, the Population and Family Planning Law, and the Physical Culture and Sports Law; we made a decision to abolish the system of custody and education for prostitution-related offenses and related legal regulations; and we deliberated draft revisions to the Administrative Procedure Law and other laws. These efforts have helped protect our people’s rights and interests and enhance public wellbeing through legal means. We passed Amendment XI to the Criminal Law. We formulated the Veterans Support Law and revised the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests, the Law on the Protection of Minors, and the Law on Preventing Juvenile Delinquency, so as to provide stronger protection for the rights and interests of special groups. |
| （五）作出授权决定或改革决定。回应全面深化改革提出的立法需求，确保国家发展、重大改革于法有据。围绕深化国家机构改革，就国务院机构改革涉及法律规定的行政机关职责调整问题、全国人大宪法和法律委员会职责问题、中国海警局行使海上维权执法职权作出决定。修改57件次相关法律，3次授权国务院在自由贸易试验区暂时调整适用有关法律规定，授权国务院提前下达部分新增地方政府债务限额、开展房地产税改革试点、在营商环境创新试点城市暂时调整适用计量法有关规定，延长授权国务院开展农村土地改革、药品上市许可持有人制度等试点期限，授权上海市人大及其常委会制定浦东新区法规，保证相关改革举措和试点工作顺利推进。围绕深化司法体制综合配套改革，先后决定设立上海、北京、成渝金融法院和海南自由贸易港知识产权法院。授权最高人民法院开展民事诉讼程序繁简分流改革和四级法院审级职能定位改革试点工作，就专利等知识产权案件诉讼程序若干问题作出决定。听取审议10个授权决定和改革决定实施情况的有关报告。 | (5) We made authorization and reform decisions.
In response to the legislative needs that arose in advancing reform across the board, we worked hard to ensure that all national development endeavors and major reforms have a solid legal basis. To deepen reform in state institutions, we issued decisions on adjusting the statutory functions of administrative bodies involved in the institutional reform of the State Council, on the functions of the NPC Constitution and Law Committee, and on China Coast Guard’s functions and powers with regard to protecting maritime rights and enforcing maritime law. To ensure smooth progress of reform initiatives and pilot projects, we conducted 57 rounds of revision on relevant laws; we authorized the State Council to temporarily adjust the application of certain laws in pilot free trade zones three times, to approve a proportion of new local government debt ceilings in advance, to launch reform trials for property tax, to temporarily adjust the application of certain provisions of the Metrology Law in pilot cities for business environment innovation, and to extend the trial periods for rural land reform and the drug marketing authorization holder system; and we authorized the Shanghai Municipal People’s Congress and its standing committee to formulate regulations for Pudong New Area. Focusing on advancing comprehensive and integrated reform of the judicial system, we made decisions to establish the Shanghai Financial Court, Beijing Financial Court, Chengdu-Chongqing Financial Court, and Hainan Free Trade Port Intellectual Property Court. We authorized the Supreme People’s Court to carry out reform trials for streamlining civil litigation procedures and defining the adjudicative functions of the four levels of courts, and we made a decision on litigation procedures for cases involving patents and other intellectual property rights. We heard and deliberated reports on the implementation of 10 authorization and reform decisions. |
| 五年来，在党中央集中统一领导下，形成了党委领导、人大主导、政府依托、各方参与的立法工作格局，有效发挥人大在立法选题、评估、论证、立项、协调、起草、征求意见、审议等环节的主导作用；丰富立法形式，既注重“大块头”，也注重“小快灵”，广泛采用专项立法修法计划、立法工作专班、“小切口”立法、“一事一法”、推动区域协同立法和共同立法等方式和模式；深入推进科学立法、民主立法、依法立法，开展立法论证、立法协商工作，实施法律案通过前评估和立法后评估，共有154件次法律草案向社会公布征求意见，109万多人次参与，有效促进了立法质量和效率的提升。五年来推进高质量立法，进一步完善了中国特色社会主义法律体系，为全面建设社会主义现代化国家提供了更为完备的法律保障。 | Over the past five years, under the centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee, a legislative framework has taken shape under which Party committees give guidance, people’s congresses play the leading role, the government offers support, and all stakeholders participate. We made sure that people’s congresses effectively played their leading role in selecting legislative subjects, evaluation, debate, launching projects, coordination, drafting, soliciting opinions, and deliberation. We enriched our approach to legislative work, devoting our attention to both substantial legislation and shorter, more efficient, high-impact legislation. We made extensive use of special plans for enacting and revising laws, legislative task forces, targeted and precise legislation, and case-specific legislation, and we encouraged the adoption of methods and models such as joint legislation and legislation based on regional collaboration.
We advanced legislative work in a scientific and democratic way in accordance with the law. We carried out legislative debates and consultations and conducted evaluations of legislative items both before and after their promulgation. We solicited 154 rounds of public opinion on draft laws and received more than 1.09 million comments. All of this effectively enhanced the quality and efficiency of our legislation. Over the past five years, we have made steady progress in advancing high-quality legislation, further improved the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, and provided more complete legal protection for efforts to build China into a modern socialist country in all respects. |
| 三、用好宪法赋予人大的监督权，实行正确监督、有效监督、依法监督 | 3. Making good use of the oversight power conferred upon the NPC by the Constitution and conducting appropriate, effective, and law-based oversight |
| 更好发挥人大监督在党和国家监督体系中的重要作用，统筹运用法定监督方式，确保宪法法律得到有效实施，确保行政权、监察权、审判权、检察权依法正确行使。 | We brought into better play the important role of oversight by people’s congresses in the Party and state oversight systems and employed a combination of statutory oversight methods to ensure that China’s Constitution and laws were effectively implemented and that administrative, supervisory, adjudicatory, and procuratorial powers were properly exercised in accordance with the law. |
| （一）做好规划计划、预算决算审查监督和国有资产管理监督。修订常委会关于加强经济工作监督的决定，听取审议国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况报告、“十三五”规划纲要实施中期评估报告，审查批准“十四五”规划和2035年远景目标纲要。定期召开季度经济形势分析座谈会，加强对计划规划初步审查、重大事项的监督。修订关于加强中央预算审查监督的决定，深入落实人大预算审查监督重点拓展改革。连续五年听取审议中央决算报告、预算执行情况报告、中央预算执行和其他财政收支的审计工作报告，听取审议审计查出问题整改情况报告，督促整改问题的落实。围绕特定重点领域财政资金监督，听取审议财政医疗卫生资金、财政生态环保资金、财政农业农村资金、财政交通运输资金、财政社会保障资金分配和使用情况报告，重点跟踪监督政策实施和资金使用情况。加强对国有资产管理情况的监督是党中央的决策，是赋予全国人大常委会的一项新职责。常委会作出关于加强国有资产管理情况监督的决定，制定实施国有资产管理情况监督工作五年规划，在定期听取审议年度国有资产管理情况综合报告的基础上，每年选取重点领域开展监督，分别听取审议金融企业国有资产、行政事业性国有资产、企业国有资产、国有自然资源资产管理情况的专项报告，推动国有资产管理科学化、规范化。 | (1) We conducted examinations and oversight of plans, budgets, and final accounts and oversight of state-owned asset management.
We revised a decision on strengthening oversight of economic work, heard and deliberated reports on the implementation of plans for national economic and social development and the midterm assessment report on the implementation of the 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-2020), and examined and approved the Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development (2021–2025) and Long-Range Objectives through the Year 2035. We held quarterly meetings to analyze the economic situation and strengthened preliminary examination of plans and oversight of major matters. We revised a decision on strengthening examination and oversight of central government budgets and carried out reforms to expand the focus of budgetary examination and oversight by people’s congresses. Each year, we heard and deliberated reports on central final accounts, budget execution, and auditing of central budget execution and other fiscal revenues and expenditures, and we heard and deliberated reports on the rectification of problems discovered through audits and worked to see that these problems were truly resolved. Exercising oversight of government funds in specific key areas, we heard and deliberated reports on the allocation and use of government funds for medical and health care, environmental protection, agriculture and rural areas, transportation, and social security, with our focus on policy implementation and use of funds. Strengthening oversight of state-owned asset management was a decision made by the Party Central Committee and a new function conferred on the NPC Standing Committee. In response, we adopted a decision and formulated and implemented a five-year plan on enhancing oversight of state-owned asset management. Hearing and deliberating annual comprehensive reports on the management of state-owned assets, we selected key areas and conducted oversight each year. We heard and deliberated special reports on the management of state-owned assets held by financial firms, government offices and public institutions, and enterprises. We also heard and deliberated a special report on the management of state-owned natural resource assets. In doing so, we helped make state-owned asset management better planned and regulated. |
| （二）听取审议专项工作报告。在高质量发展领域，围绕创新驱动发展、发展海洋经济、外贸转型升级、减税降费、金融工作、股票发行注册制改革、建设现代综合交通运输体系、数字经济发展等听取审议报告，推动解决制约重点领域、新兴行业改革发展的突出矛盾和问题。在农业农村领域，听取审议脱贫攻坚工作、深化农业供给侧结构性改革、乡村产业发展、农村集体产权制度改革、构建新型农业经营体系、巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接等报告，为全面推进乡村振兴发挥积极作用。在生态环保领域，连续五年听取审议年度环境状况和环保目标完成情况报告，聚焦大气污染防治、水污染防治、土壤污染防治、固体废物污染环境防治、长江流域生态环境保护、雄安新区和白洋淀生态保护等重点领域、重点区域和重点流域的环保工作听取审议报告，以法治力量、法律武器推动污染防治、守护绿水青山。在社会事业领域，听取审议就业工作、推动城乡义务教育一体化发展、医师队伍管理、文化产业发展、学前教育事业改革和发展、社会保障体系建设、文物工作和文物保护法实施、教师队伍建设和教师法实施、儿童健康促进工作、加强和推进老龄工作、有效减轻过重作业负担和校外培训负担等报告，推动解决人民群众反映强烈的问题。突出社会治理重点问题，听取审议公安机关执法规范化建设、开展反腐败国际追逃追赃工作、深化“三非”外国人治理等报告。听取审议华侨权益保护工作情况报告。 | (2) We heard and deliberated work reports on specific issues.
Regarding the pursuit of high-quality development, we heard and deliberated reports on promoting innovation-driven development, developing the marine economy, transforming and upgrading foreign trade, reducing taxes and fees, carrying out financial work, introducing a registration-based IPO system, building a modern integrated transportation system, and developing the digital economy. In doing so, we pushed for the resolution of serious problems hindering reform and development in key areas and emerging sectors. With regard to agriculture and rural areas, we heard and deliberated reports on poverty alleviation, supply-side structural reform in agriculture, rural industry development, reform of the rural collective property system, establishment of a new system for agricultural operations, and efforts to consolidate and expand poverty alleviation achievements in support of rural revitalization. Through these efforts, we played a positive role in advancing rural revitalization on all fronts. In the area of environmental protection, we heard and deliberated the State Council’s annual reports on the state of the environment and progress on meeting environmental protection targets. We also heard and deliberated reports on environmental protection in key areas, regions, and river basins, including those on the prevention and control of air, water, soil, and solid waste pollution, ecological conservation and environmental protection in the Yangtze River basin, and ecological conservation in Xiong’an New Area and Lake Baiyangdian. We used the rule of law and legal tools to step up pollution prevention and control and protect China’s clear waters and green mountains. As for social programs, we heard and deliberated reports on employment, integrated development of compulsory education in urban and rural areas, management of physicians, development of cultural industries, reform and development of preschool education, development of the social security system, preservation of cultural heritage and implementation of the Cultural Heritage Protection Law, teacher training and implementation of the Teachers Law, promotion of children’s health, work related to the elderly, and efforts to reduce students’ homework and off-campus tutoring burdens. In doing so, we helped resolve issues of public concern. Giving greater weight to key issues in social governance, we heard and deliberated reports on ensuring procedure-based law enforcement by public security organs, pursuing corrupt officials hiding abroad and recovering stolen state assets, and doing more to address the illegal entry, residence, and employment of foreign nationals in China. We heard and deliberated a State Council report on the protection of the rights and interests of overseas Chinese nationals. |
| （三）加强法律实施情况的监督。制定执法检查工作办法，从选题、组织开展、报告和审议、处理和反馈等各个环节作出全面规范。紧紧围绕法律规定、法律条文，2018年检查大气污染防治法、统计法、传染病防治法、防震减灾法、农产品质量安全法、海洋环境保护法实施情况，2019年检查水污染防治法、中小企业促进法、就业促进法、高等教育法、可再生能源法、渔业法实施情况，2020年检查土壤污染防治法、关于全面禁止野生动物非法交易和食用的决定和野生动物保护法、农业机械化促进法、慈善法、反不正当竞争法、公共文化服务保障法实施情况，2021年检查固体废物污染环境防治法、中医药法、企业破产法、畜牧法、公证法、消防法实施情况，2022年检查环境保护法、长江保护法、科学技术普及法、乡村振兴促进法、外商投资法实施情况。结合听取审议专项工作报告和执法检查报告，就大气污染防治、解决判决“执行难”、加强民事诉讼和执行活动法律监督、财政医疗卫生资金分配和使用、促进中小企业发展、水污染防治、公益诉讼检察、土壤污染防治、预算执行和其他财政收支审计查出问题整改、建设现代综合交通运输体系、固体废物污染环境防治、环境保护等方面工作开展专题询问。 | (3) We strengthened oversight of the implementation of laws.
We formulated methods for inspections into the implementation of laws to standardize the entire process including subject selection, organization, reporting, deliberation, rectification, and feedback. Firmly grounded in statutory provisions, we inspected the implementation of the following laws. 2018: Law on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution, Statistics Law, Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases, Law on Protecting against and Mitigating Earthquake Disasters, Law on the Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, Marine Environment Protection Law 2019: Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, Law on Promoting Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, Employment Promotion Law, Higher Education Law, Renewable Energy Law, Fisheries Law 2020: Law on the Prevention and Control of Soil Pollution, a decision to completely ban the illegal trade and consumption of wildlife, Wildlife Protection Law, Agricultural Mechanization Promotion Law, Charity Law, Law against Unfair Competition, Law on the Provision of Public Cultural Services 2021: Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes, Law on Traditional Chinese Medicine, Enterprise Bankruptcy Law, Animal Husbandry Law, Notarization Law, Fire Prevention and Control Law 2022: Environmental Protection Law, Yangtze River Protection Law, Science and Technology Popularization Law, Rural Revitalization Promotion Law, Foreign Investment Law After hearing and deliberating work reports on specific issues and inspection reports on the implementation of laws, we conducted special inquiries into the following matters: preventing and controlling air pollution, solving difficulties in enforcing court judgments, increasing legal oversight of civil litigation and enforcement, the allocation and use of government funds for medical and health care, promoting development of small and medium-sized enterprises, preventing and controlling water pollution, public-interest litigation filed by procuratorates, preventing and controlling soil pollution, rectifying problems in budget execution and other fiscal revenues and expenditures discovered through audits, building a modern integrated transportation system, preventing and controlling environmental pollution by solid wastes, and environmental protection. |
| （四）加强司法普法工作监督。围绕促进司法公正，对“两高”开展常态化监督。听取审议最高人民法院解决判决“执行难”、刑事审判、民事审判、知识产权审判、涉外审判等工作情况报告。听取审议最高人民检察院加强民事诉讼和执行活动法律监督、开展公益诉讼检察、适用认罪认罚从宽制度、办理控告申诉案件、未成年人检察等工作情况报告。围绕推进法治宣传教育，开展“七五”普法专题调研，听取审议“七五”普法决议贯彻落实情况报告，作出“八五”普法决议，为全面建设社会主义现代化国家营造良好法治环境。 | (4) We stepped up oversight of the administration of justice and of work to promote legal literacy among the public.
With a focus on ensuring judicial impartiality, we conducted regular oversight of the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate. With regard to the Supreme People’s Court, we heard and deliberated its reports on resolving difficulties in enforcing court judgments, criminal trials, civil trials, adjudication involving intellectual property, and foreign-related adjudication. With regard to the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, we heard and deliberated its reports on strengthening legal oversight of civil litigation and enforcement, public-interest litigation filed by procuratorates, application of the plea bargaining system, processing of lawsuits and appeals, and procuratorial work relating to minors. To improve public communications and education on the rule of law, we carried out research on the seventh five-year initiative to increase legal literacy among the public, heard and deliberated a report on the implementation of the resolution on that initiative, and adopted a resolution on the initiative for the eighth five-year period. This contributed to the creation of a healthy rule of law environment for our efforts to build China into a modern socialist country in all respects. |
| （五）推进专题调研成果运用。紧密结合立法、监督工作，开展脱贫攻坚、乡村振兴、粮食安全、生态环保、污染防治、设区的市地方立法、应对人口老龄化、珍惜粮食反对浪费等领域专题调研，推动解决事关人民群众切身利益的热点难点问题。开展国家安全法实施、监察体制改革和监察法实施情况专题调研，拓展新的领域监督工作。开展国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划纲要编制工作若干重要问题、财政补贴管理与改革、完善有利于调节收入分配的个人所得税制度、发挥海外侨胞在共建“一带一路”中的重要作用、以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系建设、加强种质资源保护和育种创新情况等专题调研，推动解决经济社会发展中的重点问题。开展民族教育发展工作、民族地区兴边富民行动“十三五”规划实施、民族团结进步创建工作、人口较少民族经济社会发展情况等专题调研，助力民族地区的发展进步。开展地方政府隐性债务、社会基本养老保险基金预算管理与改革、防范化解系统性金融风险、社会保险制度改革和社会保险法实施、政府投资基金管理与改革、地方政府专项债务管理与改革情况等专题调研，加强财政金融领域的有效监督。 | (5) We made sure our research outcomes were put to use.
In concert with our legislative and oversight work, we carried out research on poverty alleviation, rural revitalization, food security, environmental protection, pollution prevention and control, local legislation by cities with districts, the response to population aging, and the initiative to cherish food and oppose waste. In doing so, we helped address major and difficult issues that involved the people’s immediate interests. To expand the scope of our oversight, we carried out research on implementation of the National Security Law and on reform of the supervision system and implementation of the Supervision Law. We carried out research on major issues regarding the formulation of the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development, management and reform of government subsidies, improvement of the individual income tax system to help regulate income distribution, measures to leverage the important role of overseas Chinese in the joint pursuit of the Belt and Road Initiative, development of a national park-based nature reserve system, and better protection of germplasm resources and innovation in plant breeding. This helped resolve key issues in our economic and social development. We carried out research on the development of education among ethnic minority groups, implementation of the 13th five-year plan on boosting development and raising living standards in border areas with large ethnic minority populations, initiatives to foster ethnic unity and progress, and economic and social development for ethnic groups with smaller populations. In doing so, we helped promote development and progress in areas with large ethnic minority populations. We carried out research on hidden local government debt, management and reform of budgets for basic old-age insurance funds, prevention and mitigation of systemic financial risks, reform of social insurance systems and implementation of the Social Insurance Law, management and reform of government investment funds, and management and reform of special local government debt. Our efforts made fiscal and financial oversight more effective. |
| 人大监督是具有法定权威、代表人民的监督。常委会始终坚持把“依法”二字贯穿监督工作全过程，依照法定职责、限于法定范围、遵守法定程序、抠住法律规定进行监督，确保宪法法律有效实施和各国家机关依法履职；坚持跟踪监督问效，聚焦党中央重大决策部署、聚焦人民群众所思所盼所愿，持续跟进生态环保、公共资金资产管理、执法司法等领域的突出问题，久久为功，一抓到底，推动改进工作、完善制度；坚持完善监督工作机制和监督方式，推动专项工作报告审议结果的落实，在执法检查中引入第三方评估，采用抽查暗访、大数据分析、问卷调查等方式，实现委托检查全覆盖，把执法检查与立法评估、法律普及结合起来，注重从制度上、法律上推动解决普遍性、规律性问题。在生态环保领域执法检查中，近90万人次参加问卷调查，1.78亿人次参加答题。本届以来，实现了监督领域的全覆盖，首次听取审议国有资产管理情况综合报告，首次听取审议金融工作情况报告，首次听取审议国家监委有关专项工作报告，首次开展对“两高”专项工作报告的专题询问。在监督工作实践中，我们进一步找准人大监督的性质和定位，有力推动了宪法法律规定的实施和“一府一委两院”正确行使职权、依法履行职责，确保任何国家机关及其工作人员的权力都要受到监督和制约。 | Oversight by people’s congresses is conducted with the authorization of the law and on behalf of the people. We worked to see that oversight is always conducted in accordance with the law, in line with our statutory functions, within our statutory scope of authority, through statutory procedures, and based on relevant legal provisions. Our goal was to ensure that the Constitution and laws are effectively implemented and all state organs perform their functions pursuant to law.
We exercised follow-up oversight to monitor the effects of our work. Focusing on the Party Central Committee’s major decisions and plans and attending to the people’s concerns, expectations, and wishes, we conducted follow-up oversight on prominent issues in areas such as environmental protection, management of public funds and assets, law enforcement, and administration of justice. We made sustained efforts and did not stop until we saw progress made and institutions improved. We continued to improve mechanisms and methods for conducting oversight and urged relevant departments to act on the results of our work report deliberations. While carrying out inspections into the implementation of laws, we introduced third-party evaluations, adopted various measures including random inspections, unannounced visits, big data analysis, and questionnaire surveys, and delegated local people’s congresses to carry out inspections nationwide. We combined inspections into the implementation of laws with legislative evaluations and efforts to promote legal literacy among the public, paying particular attention to facilitating institutional and legal solutions to common and systemic issues. During inspections into the implementation of laws concerning environmental protection, we received nearly 900,000 questionnaires and attracted 178 million participants to our online quizzes. Throughout this congress, we have ensured oversight across all fields. We heard and deliberated the first comprehensive reports on the management of state-owned assets, the first report on financial work, and the first work report by the National Commission of Supervision, and we conducted the first special inquiries into the work reports of the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate. In the course of exercising oversight, we gained a better understanding of the nature and role of oversight by people’s congresses; strongly encouraged the implementation of the Constitution and the law and the proper use of power and law-based performance of functions by governments, commissions of supervision, people’s courts, and people’s procuratorates; and ensured that the powers of all state organs and their employees were subject to oversight and checks. |
| 四、发挥人大代表作用，做到民有所呼、我有所应 | 4. Leveraging the role of deputies to attend to all public concerns |
| 贯彻习近平总书记“密切常委会同人大代表的联系，密切人大代表同人民群众的联系”重要指示精神，全面加强和改进代表工作，服务、支持和保障代表更好依法履职，使发挥代表作用成为人民当家作主的重要体现。 | Following General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important instructions on maintaining close ties between standing committees of people’s congresses and deputies and between deputies and the public, we strengthened and enhanced all aspects of our work related to deputies, providing services, support, and safeguards for their law-based performance of duties. In this way, we made sure that the idea of the people as masters of the country was reflected in how our deputies played their roles. |
| （一）提升代表议案、建议办理水平。坚持内容高质量、办理高质量，实行交办情况和办理结果“一人一函”、“一件一函”的反馈机制，做到议案建议办理既重结果、也重过程。代表提出的所有议案，交由专门委员会审议，常委会每年听取审议关于代表议案审议结果的报告，推动一批经济社会发展急需的重要法律相继出台。对代表在大会和闭会期间提出建议的办理情况，做到件件有反馈，建议所提问题74%得到解决或正在解决。 | (1) We improved our ability to handle deputies’ proposals and suggestions.
We worked to see that deputies’ proposals and suggestions were of high quality and were handled effectively. Upon receiving proposals or suggestions, we sent a status update and written outcome to each deputy involved, paying attention to both the results and process of handling. We forwarded all proposals to special committees for consideration and heard and deliberated their reports on the results of consideration every year, giving impetus to the enactment of a number of important laws urgently needed in economic and social development. We offered feedback on every suggestion put forward by deputies regardless of whether the NPC was in session, with 74 percent of the issues raised therein already solved or currently being addressed. |
| （二）支持代表参与常委会工作。邀请1026人次代表列席常委会会议，基本实现基层全国人大代表在任期内列席一次常委会会议。建立常委会会议期间召开列席代表座谈会机制，组织召开17次座谈会，770人次代表参加，就人大工作、民主法治建设、经济社会发展等方面提出意见建议。提请代表大会审议的宪法修正案草案和监察法、外商投资法、民法典、全国人大组织法、全国人大议事规则、地方组织法、立法法等法律草案，都提前组织代表研读讨论。常委会会议审议的36部法律草案，提前征求相关领域或具有相关专业背景代表的意见建议。有400多人次代表参加立法调研、起草、论证、评估工作，2000多人次代表参加执法检查、专题调研、计划和预算审查监督、国有资产管理情况监督等工作。 | (2) We supported deputies in engaging in our work.
We sent 1,026 invitations to deputies to attend our meetings in a nonvoting capacity and basically ensured all NPC deputies from the primary level attended at least one meeting during their tenure. We established a mechanism for holding discussions for nonvoting deputies attending our meetings. Altogether, we organized 17 discussions with total deputy attendance reaching 770, soliciting their views and suggestions on the NPC’s work, the advancement of democracy and the rule of law, and economic and social development. We arranged for deputies to consider and discuss drafts of the amendment to the Constitution, the Supervision Law, the Foreign Investment Law, the Civil Code, the Organic Law of the NPC, the NPC Rules of Procedure, the Organic Law of Local People’s Congresses at All Levels and Local People’s Governments at All Levels, the Legislation Law, and other laws before they were officially submitted to the NPC for deliberation. We solicited comments and suggestions on 36 draft laws from deputies working in relevant fields or possessing relevant professional expertise prior to our deliberation. Deputy participation in legislative research, drafting, debates, and evaluations topped 400, and the figure for participation in inspections into the implementation of laws, research projects, plan and budget examinations and oversight, and state-owned asset management oversight exceeded 2,000. |
| （三）健全常委会联系代表机制。委员长会议组成人员和常委会委员直接联系432名代表，形成专门委员会、工作委员会联系相关领域、具有相关专业知识代表的工作机制，通过座谈、走访、电话、邮件、微信、邀请参加调研等多种方式，加强同代表的经常性联系，做到联系工作覆盖基层一线和专业人员代表、覆盖常委会各项工作。 | (3) We refined mechanisms for communications with deputies.
Members of the Council of Chairpersons and the Standing Committee maintained direct contact with 432 deputies. We developed working mechanisms for special committees and working commissions and committees to stay in touch with deputies from relevant fields or with relevant knowledge. Through diverse channels such as meetings, visits, phone calls, emails, WeChat, and research projects, we strengthened regular contact with deputies, reached out to those working on the frontline at the primary level and those with specialized knowledge, and engaged deputies in all aspects of our work. |
| （四）推动代表密切联系人民群众。组织8389人次代表开展专题调研和集中视察，形成497篇专题调研报告。有序开展和规范代表跨原选举单位调研视察。组织香港、澳门、台湾、解放军和武警部队代表赴有关省（区、市）开展调研视察。采用视频连线的方式，组织香港代表视察新疆维吾尔自治区。规范代表参加“一府一委两院”活动程序，根据代表职责，9100余人次代表参加了国务院及其有关部门、最高人民法院、最高人民检察院组织的有关活动，240余人次代表担任特约监察员、监督员。充分发挥代表之家、代表联络站的作用，鼓励全国人大代表就近参加联系群众的活动。 | (4) We encouraged deputies to maintain close ties with the public.
We organized research projects and group inspection tours for deputies, with total attendance reaching 8,389, leading to the compilation of 497 reports. We organized deputies’ research and inspections in places other than where they were elected in an orderly and well-regulated manner. We arranged for deputies from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan and from the PLA and the Armed Police Force to carry out research and inspections in relevant provinces, autonomous regions, and cities directly under the central government. We organized for Hong Kong deputies to conduct a remote video inspection of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. We set rules of procedure for deputies’ participation in activities of the State Council, the National Commission of Supervision, the Supreme People’s Court, and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate. There were more than 9,100 instances of deputy participation in activities of the State Council and its departments, the Supreme People’s Court, and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate and over 240 instances of deputies serving as special supervisors and inspectors. We gave full play to the role of outreach and liaison offices for deputies and encouraged NPC deputies to attend local public outreach activities. |
| （五）加强代表履职能力建设。认真做好十四届全国人大代表选举工作，指导县乡人大换届选举，依法民主选举产生277万名各级人大代表，彰显社会主义民主的人民性、广泛性和真实性。制定关于加强和改进全国人大代表工作的35条具体措施，加强代表联络机构建设，全方位为代表履职提供服务保障。通过线上线下举办26期全国人大代表学习班，累计1.6万人次代表参加学习，基本实现新任基层代表履职学习全覆盖。创建全国人大网络学院，2539名全国人大代表参加网络学习。 | (5) We improved the ability of our deputies to perform their duties.
We organized the election of deputies to the 14th NPC and provided guidance for the election of deputies to people’s congresses at the county and township levels. A total of 2.77 million deputies to people’s congresses of all levels have been chosen through democratic elections in accordance with the law. This fully demonstrates the people-centric, broad, and authentic nature of socialist democracy. We formulated 35 measures to strengthen and enhance our work related to NPC deputies, stepped up development of deputy liaison offices, and provided all-around services and support for deputies’ performance of duties. We held 26 online and offline study sessions for NPC deputies, with a total attendance of 16,000, and essentially all new deputies from the primary level participated in study sessions pertaining to their duties. We established an NPC online school, where 2,539 NPC deputies took online courses. |
| 五年来，代表工作的实践使我们加深了对习近平总书记关于代表工作重要论述的认识。“两个密切联系”体现的是人民当家作主的国家性质和全过程人民民主的制度优势，深刻揭示了代表工作的根本目的、内在要求和工作规律。我们认真落实“两个密切联系”，使代表更好成为党和国家联系人民群众的重要桥梁和渠道。本届以来，代表的履职意识更强了。通过出席代表大会，提出议案建议，参与常委会和专门委员会、工作委员会工作，开展调研视察，深入了解和反映群众诉求，代表人民参加行使国家权力。代表的职责定位更准了。人大代表不是政治光环，而是重要职务，是要讲担当、有作为的。人大代表由选民或选举单位选举产生，但不能仅代表选区或选举单位利益，更不能代表任何特殊利益，而是代表最广大人民群众的根本利益，要把人民群众的心声、意愿反映上来，把党中央重大决策部署宣传贯彻到人民群众中去。代表的作用发挥更好了。人大代表是国家权力机关的组成人员，来自人民、扎根人民，既有“本职”工作，也有“履职”工作。代表立足岗位，不负重托，在本职工作中展现了人大代表的时代风采，以履职工作的实际行动践行了代表人民、为了人民、服务人民的光荣使命。 | Over the past five years of deputy-related work, we have acquired a deeper understanding of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important statements on work related to deputies. His instructions on maintaining close ties between standing committees of people’s congresses and deputies and between deputies and the public reflect the defining feature of our country, which is that it is run by the people, and they highlight the institutional strengths of whole-process people’s democracy. They shed light on the fundamental goals, inherent requirements, and working principles for our work in this regard. As such, we have earnestly followed his instructions and worked to ensure that our deputies better play their role as an important bridge and channel through which the Party and the country stay in touch with the people.
Since the beginning of the 13th NPC’s term, our deputies’ sense of duty has become even stronger. Through attending NPC sessions, submitting proposals and suggestions, engaging in our work and the work of special committees and working commissions and committees, and conducting research and inspections, deputies have learned about and brought forward the people’s needs and wishes and participated in the exercise of state power on their behalf. Deputies’ duties have been more clearly defined. The role of deputies to people’s congresses is not one of political glory; it is an important post that requires a great sense of commitment and responsibility. Deputies are elected by voters or electoral units, but that doesn’t mean that they can represent only the interests of the constituencies or organizations that elected them, and still less can they represent special interests. Rather, they represent the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. They must reflect the will and wishes of the public, communicate the Party Central Committee’s major decisions and plans to the people, and see that those decisions and plans are implemented. Deputies have better fulfilled their roles. As part of people’s congresses, deputies are members of organs of state power, but they also come from the people and are rooted in the people. They have jobs outside of their roles as deputies, but they also have to perform their state duties. In their daily jobs, our deputies have assumed important responsibilities and conducted themselves in ways that befit people’s congress deputies in the new era. And, through the concrete performance of their state duties, they have accomplished their honorable mission of representing the people, working for the people, and serving the people. |
| 五、发挥人大对外交往优势，服务党和国家外交大局 | 5. Giving play to the NPC’s strengths in international exchanges and working to advance the overall diplomatic agenda of the Party and the country |
| 坚持以习近平外交思想为指引，以推动落实元首共识为首要任务，立足国家立法机构的职能定位，发挥在对外交往中的优势和效能，努力为服务国家战略、捍卫国家利益作出积极贡献。 | With the guidance of Xi Jinping’s thinking on diplomacy, we prioritized the implementation of consensus reached at the head-of-state level, grounded our efforts in our functions as the nation’s legislative body, and leveraged our strengths and capacity in international exchanges to serve our national strategies and defend our national interests. |
| （一）加强与外国议会的双边交流。与近190个国家和地区议会保持交往和联系，同有关国家和多边议会组织新签署11项友好合作协议。邀请接待111个团组访华，组派150个团组出访。疫情发生后，积极运用“云外交”形式，举行双边线上活动260多场，组织线下外事活动98场，外交信函往来近2000件。推进与有关国家的法律合作项目，就法律草案起草中的合宪性审查、法律体系建立和完善、法律配套规定、立法技术规范等开展交流研讨。围绕制定修改体育法、医疗保障法等，赴有关国家进行立法交流。积极主动做好9个新建复交国家议会工作，举行会见会谈、视频会晤22场，实现同新建复交国家交往全覆盖。发挥全国人大驻外干部的作用，对有关国家和地区的立法经验开展调研。 | (1) We strengthened bilateral exchanges with parliaments of other countries.
We maintained exchanges and communications with parliaments of nearly 190 countries and regions and signed 11 agreements on friendship and cooperation with relevant countries and multilateral parliamentary organizations. We hosted 111 delegations to China and sent 150 delegations abroad. Since the onset of Covid-19, we made active use of “cloud diplomacy” and held more than 260 bilateral video events. We also organized 98 offline diplomatic events and exchanged nearly 2,000 diplomatic letters. We advanced legal cooperation projects with relevant countries and engaged in exchanges and discussions on issues such as constitutional reviews during the drafting of laws, the establishment and improvement of legal systems, supporting regulations for laws, and technical standards in the legislative process. We visited relevant countries for legislative exchanges on the formulation of a medical security law and revision of the Physical Culture and Sports Law. We actively engaged with the parliaments of nine countries that recently established or restored diplomatic relations with China, holding 22 online and offline meetings and talks and establishing communications with all of them. We leveraged the roles of NPC staff stationed abroad and conducted research on the legislative practices of relevant countries and regions. |
| （二）深入参与议会多边交往合作。发挥全国人大和外国议会高层交往引领作用，积极参与各国议会联盟、二十国集团议长会议、金砖国家议会论坛、欧亚国家议长会议、六国议长会议等多边机制，坚定发出中国声音，坚定维护国家利益。派团出席65次国际会议，出席视频国际会议137场，广泛接触各国议员，推动“一带一路”倡议、构建人类命运共同体、全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议等中国主张成为国际共识。举办6期面向发展中国家的线下议员研讨班，邀请25个国家的123名议员参加。举办同非洲四国、中亚五国、北非三国、非洲法语国家议会线上研讨会，加强在相关领域的交流合作。出席多边议会组织举办的立法交流活动，介绍中国立法制度与立法经验。 | (2) We deeply engaged in multilateral parliamentary exchanges and cooperation.
We gave full play to the guiding role of high-level exchanges between the NPC and foreign parliaments and actively participated in multilateral mechanisms including the Inter-Parliamentary Union, the G20 Parliamentary Speakers Summit, the BRICS Parliamentary Forum, the Meeting of Speakers of Eurasian Countries’ Parliaments, and the six-nation Conference of Speakers of Parliament. At these events, we presented China’s opinions and stayed firm in safeguarding our national interests. We sent delegations to 65 international conferences and attended 137 conferences via video, engaging extensively with members of parliaments around the world to secure international support for the Belt and Road Initiative, the building of a human community with a shared future, the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, and other Chinese propositions. We organized six offline seminars for members of parliaments from developing countries, attracting 123 parliamentarians from 25 countries. We held virtual seminars with parliaments of four African countries, five Central Asian countries, three North African countries, and French-speaking countries in Africa to enhance communication and cooperation in relevant fields. We attended legislative exchange events held by multilateral parliamentary organizations and shared information about China’s legislative system and practices. |
| （三）发挥定期交流机制和友好小组作用。定期交流机制和友好小组，是人大对外工作的特有优势。全国人大与21个国家议会和欧洲议会建立了定期交流机制和政治对话机制，同16个国家议会和欧洲议会举行35次机制交流会议，实现了多层次、宽领域的交流与合作。成立双边友好小组136个，疫情以来围绕香港国安法、反对病毒溯源政治化、介绍“十四五”规划、宣介党的二十大精神开展对外集体致函行动，有效配合国家外交行动。 | (3) We put regular exchange mechanisms and friendship groups to good use.
Regular exchange mechanisms and friendship groups are a unique strength of the NPC’s diplomatic work. To date, the NPC has established mechanisms for regular exchanges and political dialogue with parliaments of 21 countries and the European Parliament. This term, we held 35 meetings under such mechanisms with parliaments of 16 countries and the European Parliament, realizing multi-tiered exchanges and cooperation in a wide range of areas. Since the outbreak of Covid-19, through the 136 bilateral friendship groups the NPC has established, letters were sent to foreign parliaments to share information about the Law on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, our opposition against the politicization of efforts to trace origins of Covid-19, the 14th Five-Year Plan, and the guiding principles from the Party’s 20th National Congress. In this way, we provided effective support to the country’s overall diplomatic efforts. |
| （四）坚决维护国家主权、安全、发展利益。积极妥善运用国际规则维护国家利益，坚持对等原则对有关国家议员采取反制措施。建立健全全国人大各层级发言人机制，以全国人大常委会发言人谈话、外事委声明、外事委发言人和法工委发言人谈话等方式，就涉藏、涉疆、涉港、涉台、人权、疫情及其他涉华敏感问题48次及时响亮发出人大声音。 | (4) We resolutely safeguarded China’s sovereignty, security, and development interests.
We took active and appropriate action to safeguard our national interests using international rules and adopted countermeasures against members of parliaments of certain countries on the basis of the principle of reciprocity. We put spokespeople at all levels of the NPC. We made unequivocal and timely statements on 48 occasions about the NPC’s stances on issues such as Tibet, Xinjiang, Hong Kong, Taiwan, human rights, the Covid-19 pandemic, and other sensitive issues that involve China. These came in the form of remarks by the NPC Standing Committee spokesperson, statements from the NPC Foreign Affairs Committee, and remarks by spokespersons of the NPC Foreign Affairs Committee and the Standing Committee Legislative Affairs Commission. |
| （五）积极做好对外宣介。交流治国理政经验，宣介习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，宣介中国改革开放成就和经验，宣介人民代表大会制度、人民当家作主的生动实践，展示中国特色社会主义民主政治的优势和特点。翻译出版中华人民共和国法律年度汇编英文本，通过中国人大网对外发布87部法律、决定英文译文，宣传阐释我国全面依法治国成就。建好用好中国人大网英文版，拓展运用新媒体表现形式，提升人大新闻宣传的国际传播力影响力。组织94名基层代表参加全国人大外事活动，用亲身履职实践讲述人民代表大会制度优势。 | (5) We actively conducted international communications.
We conducted foreign exchanges on national governance experience; introduced to the world information about Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, achievements and experience in China’s reform and opening up, the people’s congress system, and the ways in which the Chinese people run China; and shared the features and strengths of socialist democracy with Chinese characteristics. We translated annual compilations of the laws of the People’s Republic of China into English and had them published, and we released the English translations of 87 laws and decisions on the official website of the NPC, presenting China’s achievements in advancing the rule of law on all fronts. We developed and made good use of the NPC’s English website and explored more forms of new media to enhance our international reach and influence through information sharing and communications. We invited 94 deputies from the primary level to attend the NPC’s foreign affairs activities and discuss the strengths of the people’s congress system through sharing their personal experiences in performing their duties. |
| 五年来，人大外事工作的实践使我们进一步认识到，中国特色社会主义进入新时代，人大对外工作的首要任务，就是聚焦国家外交总体布局，推动落实国家元首之间达成的重要共识，确保完成党中央交付的重大外交任务；就是找准人大在国家对外工作中的定位、任务、特点、优势，通过立法机构的交往，为国家发展争取良好国际环境，为维护国家利益赢得更多友华人士；就是在国家需要时，毫不犹豫地站到一线进行法律的、政治的、外交的斗争，伸出肩膀扛起立法机构应尽的政治责任，捍卫国家主权、安全、发展利益！ | The NPC’s diplomatic work over the past five years has made us all the more aware that, in this new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the primary tasks in the NPC’s diplomatic work are as follows: (1) focusing on the country’s overall diplomatic agenda, helping implement important consensus reached between heads of state, and ensuring that all the diplomatic tasks assigned by the Party Central Committee are accomplished; (2) better identifying the NPC’s position, tasks, features, and strengths in the country’s diplomatic work and, through its contact with foreign legislative bodies, fostering a positive international environment for China’s development and winning more international friends to protect our national interests; (3) stepping up to the front lines of any legal, political, or diplomatic struggle whenever the country requires, without the slightest hesitation, to carry out our political responsibilities as the national legislature and defend China’s sovereignty, security, and development interests. |
| 六、以政治建设为统领，切实加强常委会自身建设 | 6. Intensifying self-improvement efforts under the overarching principle of strengthening ourselves politically |
| 坚持党对人大工作的全面领导，按照习近平总书记关于建设“四个机关”的要求，不断提高常委会的政治能力和履职水平，努力建设让党中央放心、让人民群众满意的人大机关。 | Upholding the Party’s overall leadership over the work of people’s congresses and complying with General Secretary Xi Jinping’s requirement to fulfill the four-fold role, we constantly enhanced our political ability and our professional competence and worked hard to become an institution that is trusted by the Party Central Committee and that meets the expectations of the people. |
| （一）完善常委会运行机制。优化会议时间、程序和内容，落实民主集中制原则，召开5次代表大会和39次常委会会议，听取、审议1029项议题。发挥委员长会议作用，召开委员长会议136次。严格执行常委会议事规则，依法提出会议召开时间、出席列席人员和全体会议、分组会议安排，严格请假报批制度，出席率保持在96%以上。认真做好议案提出和审议工作，增设单月委员长会议专门研究讨论拟交付常委会会议表决通过的法律草案机制，提高听取审议工作报告、专题询问、发言和表决的规范化水平。 | (1) We improved our operating mechanisms.
We improved the timing, procedures, and content of our meetings and applied the principle of democratic centralism. We convened 5 NPC sessions and 39 Standing Committee meetings and heard and deliberated 1,029 issues. Fully playing its role, the Council of Chairpersons held a total of 136 meetings. We strictly observed our rules of procedure, put forward, pursuant to law, times of meetings, lists of voting and nonvoting participants, and schedules for general meetings and group meetings, and enforced strict procedures for requesting leaves of absence, thus keeping the meeting attendance rate above 96 percent. We earnestly carried out work related to proposal submission and deliberation and developed a mechanism for holding an additional Council of Chairpersons meeting in each odd-numbered month to discuss draft laws to be submitted to Standing Committee meetings for votes. We further standardized the hearing and deliberation of work reports, inquiries on special topics, speeches, and voting. |
| （二）充分发挥专门委员会和工作委员会作用。将原法律委员会、内务司法委员会分别更名为宪法和法律委员会、监察和司法委员会，增设社会建设委员会，对教育科学文化卫生委员会法定职能进行部分调整，更好适应新时代人大工作需要。推进专门委员会工作规范化、制度化，专门委员会召开会议500余次。委员长会议、专门委员会和工作委员会牵头起草或提请审议的法律案、决定案91件次，协调指导137件法律的起草工作，本届完成率达到92.7%。提请常委会会议审议的202个议案和171个报告，均先由专门委员会认真审议、提出报告。专门委员会承担执法检查、专题调研的具体组织实施工作。加强制度建设，在立法、监督、议案建议办理、代表工作、调研等方面，建立和修改了一系列制度规则，形成“立法－评估－修法”的动态闭环机制，确保专门委员会、工作委员会职能的有效发挥。 | (2) We gave full play to the roles of special committees and working commissions and committees.
To better adapt to the needs of the NPC’s work in the new era, we respectively renamed the Law Committee and the Internal and Judicial Affairs Committee the Constitution and Law Committee and the Supervision and Justice Committee, established a Social Development Committee, and made partial adjustments to the statutory functions of the Education, Science, Culture, and Public Health Committee. We enhanced the institutions and procedures of special committees, who held over 500 meetings. The Council of Chairpersons, special committees, and working commissions and committees led work on drafting laws and decisions or submitting them for deliberation on 91 occasions, and they coordinated and offered guidance on the drafting of 137 laws, with 92.7 percent of the items on our legislative agenda completed by the end of our tenure. All 202 proposals and 171 reports submitted to our meetings for deliberation were first deliberated by special committees, who produced reports on the results of their deliberations. Special committees were also responsible for organizing and conducting research projects and inspections into the implementation of laws. We strengthened institutional development by establishing and revising a number of systems and rules on legislation, oversight, processing of deputies’ proposals and suggestions, deputy-related work, and research projects. We developed a dynamic closed-loop mechanism for the formulation, evaluation, and revision of laws to ensure that special committees and working commissions and committees were put to effective use. |
| （三）加强工作机构服务能力建设。基层立法联系点达到32个，实现了全国31个省（区、市）全覆盖。推进“数字人大”建设。建成全国统一的备案审查信息平台，开通公民、组织审查建议在线提交平台。建成国家法律法规数据库。设立5个预算工委基层联系点，建成全国人大预算联网监督系统，覆盖全国31个省（区、市）、90%以上的地市和80%以上的县区。国有资产联网监督系统正式上线，服务常委会审议。建成并启用全国人大代表工作信息化平台，提升网络视频会议、“云听会”质量。开通全国人大机关专属政务微信，实现代表议案建议、调研成果转化全流程网上运行。健全人大信访工作机制，开通网上信访平台，处理信访总量43万多件次。提升人大新闻舆论工作水平，精心组织新闻发布会、记者会、“代表通道”、“部长通道”，设立各代表团新闻发言人、大会新闻中心视频采访室，强化立法监督全过程报道和代表履职宣传。发挥中国人民代表大会制度理论研究会、中国人大杂志作用，推进“刊网微端”融合向纵深发展，组织编写理论读物，研究阐释人大制度理论。做好疫情下大会和常委会会议的服务保障，确保人民大会堂正常运转。 | (3) We strengthened our working bodies’ ability to provide quality services.
We increased the number of local legislative outreach offices to 32, now covering 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and cities directly under the central government across the country. We made progress on the Digital NPC project. We developed a unified national platform for recording and reviewing normative documents and opened a platform for online submission of suggestions for review from citizens and organizations. We established a national database of laws and regulations. We set up five local liaison offices for our Budgetary Affairs Commission and developed an online NPC budget oversight system that covers 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and cities directly under the central government, over 90 percent of prefectural-level cities, and over 80 percent of counties and districts. We launched an online state-owned asset oversight system to facilitate our deliberation. We developed and launched an online NPC deputy work platform, and we enhanced the quality of video conferences and the online audience experience. We opened an exclusive e-government WeChat account for the NPC bodies, making possible the full online processing of deputies’ proposals and suggestions and application of research results. We improved the NPC’s mechanisms for receiving and processing public letters and visits and set up an online platform for handling public letters, which allowed us to process more than 430,000 letters and visits. We improved the NPC’s ability to carry out media and public communications work. We organized press briefings, press conferences, the “deputies’ corridor,” and the “ministers’ corridor,” and we assigned a spokesperson for each delegation and set up video interview rooms at the press center when the NPC was in session. We strengthened our reporting along the whole process of our legislative and oversight work and did a better job publicizing the work of our deputies. We gave full play to the roles of China Institute of Theory on the People’s Congress System and our magazine National People’s Congress of China, and we promoted greater integration of our publicity efforts through publications, internet, microblogs, WeChat, and mobile applications. We wrote theoretical books on the studies and interpretation of the theory on the people’s congress system. Throughout the pandemic, we provided quality services to NPC sessions and Standing Committee meetings and ensured normal operations of the Great Hall of the People. |
| （四）加强人大党的建设。全面加强政治建设、思想建设、组织建设、作风建设、纪律建设、制度建设，形成风清气正的干事创业环境。扎实开展“不忘初心、牢记使命”主题教育、党史学习教育，深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想。连续五年召开学习贯彻习近平总书记关于坚持和完善人民代表大会制度的重要思想交流会。围绕学习习近平法治思想、习近平外交思想等主题，举办32次专题讲座。制定并实施全国人大机关五年学习规划。坚持政治坚定、服务人民、尊崇法治、发扬民主、勤勉尽责，打造高素质人大工作队伍。 | (4) We strengthened Party building in the NPC.
We made comprehensive moves to strengthen the NPC politically, theoretically, organizationally, institutionally, and in terms of conduct and discipline, creating a clean and honest environment that encouraged dedication and hard work. We launched campaigns to raise awareness of the need to stay true to the Party’s founding mission and to encourage the study of Party history, and we thoroughly studied Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We held seminars every year to share our studies and application of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s key ideas on upholding and improving the system of people’s congresses. We hosted 32 lectures on topics such as Xi Jinping’s thinking on the rule of law and Xi Jinping’s thinking on diplomacy. We formulated and implemented a five-year study plan for the NPC bodies. We trained a large number of high-caliber NPC employees who are politically steadfast, are dedicated to serving the people, respect the rule of law, promote democracy, and work hard with a strong sense of responsibility. |
| （五）加强与地方人大的联系。召开纪念地方人大设立常委会40周年座谈会，召开省级人大立法工作交流会，连续五年每年召开一次地方立法工作座谈会，举办地方立法培训班，指导地方人大就区域生态环境保护等开展协同立法、共同立法，举办地方人大负责同志人大制度理论学习班，交流工作经验。地方人大协助全国人大常委会开展执法检查、立法调研、代表服务保障、对外交往等工作，为推动人大工作整体水平的提高作出了积极贡献。 | (5) We built closer ties with local people’s congresses.
We held a symposium to mark the 40th anniversary of the establishment of standing committees for local people’s congresses at and above the county level. We called meetings for provincial people’s congresses to share their experience in legislative work, and we held a national forum on local legislation each year. We held training sessions on local legislative work to offer guidance to local people’s congresses in carrying out collaborative and joint legislation in areas such as regional environmental protection. We held workshops for heads of local people’s congresses on the theory on the people’s congress system, where officials shared their work experiences. Local people’s congresses assisted us in carrying out inspections into implementation of laws, conducting legislative research, serving and supporting deputies, and performing diplomatic work. They contributed greatly to improving the overall quality of the work of people’s congresses. |
| 五年来，常委会自身建设得到全面加强，人大作为政治机关的根基更牢固，作为国家权力机关的职责更鲜明，作为工作机关的运转更高效，作为代表机关的作用更显著，有力保证了人大制度建设的正确方向，有效提升了人大工作的质量水平，有序推进了全过程人民民主的发展实践。 | Over the past five years, we have improved ourselves in all aspects. As a result, the NPC’s foundations as a political institution have become more solid, its responsibilities as an institution of state power have been better defined, its operations as a working institution have become more efficient, and its role as a representative institution has become more prominent. We have ensured that the NPC’s institutional development remains on the right track, have effectively improved the quality of the NPC’s work, and have advanced whole-process people’s democracy in an orderly manner. |
| 各位代表！ | Fellow Deputies, |
| 十三届全国人大及其常委会的工作成绩，是在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下取得的，是全国人大代表、常委会组成人员、各专门委员会组成人员和全国人大机关工作人员履职尽责、辛勤工作，国务院、国家监察委员会、最高人民法院、最高人民检察院和地方各级人大及其常委会密切配合、通力协作，全国各族人民充分信任、大力支持的结果。在此，我代表十三届全国人大常委会表示崇高的敬意和衷心的感谢！ | The achievements of the 13th NPC and its standing committee have been made under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core. They are the result of the diligent and hard work of the NPC deputies, the members of the NPC Standing Committee and special committees, and the staff of the NPC bodies. They are the result of our close collaboration and cooperation with the State Council, the National Commission of Supervision, the Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, and local people’s congresses at all levels and their standing committees. And they are the result of the full trust and strong support of the entire Chinese people. On behalf of the 13th NPC Standing Committee, I would like to express our highest respect and sincere gratitude. |
| 总结五年，我们也深深感到，人大工作还有不少问题和诸多不足。在新时代新征程的伟大历史洪流中，在社会主要矛盾发生变化的历史背景下，人大工作在一些方面也存在不适应、跟不上的问题，特别是立法工作的质量仍需进一步提高，还存在法律的系统性、衔接性、可操作性不足的问题；监督工作的针对性和实效性仍需进一步增强，还存在力度不够、实效不够的问题；服务代表的能力仍需进一步提升，代表工作规范化、系统化有待增强。这些问题和不足，都需要在今后的工作中切实加以改进。 | Looking back on the past five years, we are also keenly aware that there are still a number of problems and shortcomings in the NPC’s work. In some areas, we found it difficult to adapt to the historic transformation unfolding on our journey ahead in the new era against the backdrop of our society’s changing principal contradiction. In particular, we need to further improve the quality of our legislative work, as our laws are still not systematic, coordinated, and practicable enough; efforts need to be intensified to make our oversight work more targeted and effective; and we need to continue to improve our ability to serve deputies and make our deputy-related work more procedure-based and systematic. Going forward, we will need to make real improvements in our work if we are to address these problems and shortcomings. |
| 各位代表！ | Fellow Deputies, |
| 五年的实践，进一步深化了我们对人民代表大会制度科学内涵、基本特征和本质要求的认识，这就是：必须坚持中国共产党的领导，确保中国共产党领导是中国特色社会主义最本质的特征这一宪法原则得到全面落实，确保中国共产党始终成为中国特色社会主义的坚强领导核心；必须坚持习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，深入贯彻习近平总书记关于坚持和完善人民代表大会制度的重要思想，引领人大工作始终沿着正确的方向前进；必须坚持中国特色社会主义政治发展道路，把党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一起来，保证党领导人民依法有效治理国家；必须坚持全过程人民民主重大理念，充分发挥人民代表大会制度作为实现我国全过程人民民主、体现人民当家作主的重要制度载体作用，确保党和国家在决策、执行、监督落实各个环节都能听到来自人民的声音；必须坚持充分发挥人民代表大会制度作为党领导国家政权机关的重要制度载体作用，使党的主张通过法定程序成为国家意志和人民共同行动；必须坚持宪法确立的国家根本任务、发展道路、奋斗目标，丰富和拓展人大工作的实践特色和时代特色，保证党的理论和路线方针政策的全面贯彻落实。 | Over the past five years, we have gained a deeper understanding of the core content, basic features, and defining requirements of the people’s congress system. This covers the following six aspects.
We must uphold the leadership of the Communist Party of China. The Party’s leadership is the defining feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and we must ensure the full implementation of this principle as written in the Constitution and make sure that the Party always remains the strong leadership core in building socialism with Chinese characteristics. We must uphold Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We must thoroughly apply General Secretary Xi Jinping’s key ideas on upholding and improving the people’s congress system and guide the work of the NPC to move forward in the right direction. We must keep to the path of socialist political advancement with Chinese characteristics. We must ensure the unity between leadership by the Party, the running of the country by the people, and law-based governance and guarantee that the Party leads the people in exercising effective law-based governance of the country. We must uphold the major concept of whole-process people’s democracy. We must fully leverage the role of the people’s congress system as an important institutional vehicle to advance whole-process people’s democracy in China and reflect the people’s status as the masters of the country. We must ensure that the people’s voice can be heard in every stage of the work of the Party and the country, from decision-making and execution to oversight of implementation. We must make full use of the role of the people’s congress system as an important institutional vehicle for the Party’s leadership over organs of state power. We must use statutory procedures to turn the Party’s propositions into the will of the state and the collective action of the people. We must adhere to the nation’s fundamental tasks, development path, and goals as written in the Constitution. We must enrich and broaden the work of the people’s congresses and keep it up to date and ensure that the Party’s theories, lines, principles, and policies are fully implemented. |
| 今后一年工作的建议 | Recommendations for the Work of the Coming Year |
| 2023年是全面贯彻落实党的二十大精神的开局之年。新的一年里，常委会工作的总体要求是：以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，全面贯彻落实党的二十大精神，坚持党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一，坚持和完善人民代表大会制度，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，扎实推进中国式现代化，完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念，依法行使宪法法律赋予的立法权、监督权、决定权、任免权，加强和改进新时代人大工作，为全面建设社会主义现代化国家开好局起好步作出应有贡献。 | 2023 will be the first year in which we fully implement the guiding principles from the Party’s 20th National Congress. This year, the general requirements for the NPC Standing Committee’s work are as follows.
· Following the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era; upholding the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core; applying the guiding principles from the Party’s 20th National Congress in full · Ensuring the unity between leadership by the Party, the running of the country by the people, and law-based governance; upholding and improving the system of people’s congresses · Adhering to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability; making steady progress in advancing Chinese modernization; fully and faithfully applying the new development philosophy on all fronts · Exercising, in accordance with the law, the powers of enacting laws, conducting oversight, making decisions, and appointing and removing officials as conferred by the Constitution and the law; improving the work of people’s congresses in the new era; making our due contribution to setting the stage for building China into a modern socialist country in all respects |
| 十三届全国人大常委会委员长会议原则通过了2023年度常委会工作要点和立法、监督、代表工作计划，对今后一年的工作作出了预安排。 | The Council of Chairpersons of the 13th NPC Standing Committee has adopted, in principle, the key points for the work of the Standing Committee and plans for legislation, oversight, and deputy-related work in 2023, making preliminary arrangements for this year’s work. |
| （一）做好宪法实施和立法工作。推进合宪性审查制度化、规范化，完善和加强备案审查制度，维护宪法和基本法确定的特别行政区宪制秩序。坚持一个中国原则和“九二共识”，推动两岸关系和平发展，坚定不移推进祖国统一大业。发挥人大在立法工作中的主导作用，研究编制十四届全国人大常委会立法规划，统筹安排未来五年立法工作。健全社会主义市场经济法律制度，推动构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制。加快推进科技、民生、社会、文化、环保、安全、国防领域立法。统筹发展和安全，为推进中国式现代化提供法律保障。 | 1. Ensuring constitutional implementation and carrying out legislative work
We should improve institutions and procedures for constitutional review, improve the recording and review system for normative documents, and ensure order in the special administrative regions as stipulated in China’s Constitution and the Basic Laws. We should uphold the one-China principle and the 1992 Consensus, promote the peaceful development of cross-Strait relations, and stand firm in advancing national reunification. Giving full play to the leading legislative role of the NPC, the Standing Committee of the 14th NPC should draw up a plan for the legislative work of the next five years. We should improve the legal system for the socialist market economy and advance the development of a high-standard socialist market economy. We should work faster to make laws that improve the people’s wellbeing, promote scientific and technological, social, and cultural progress, protect the environment, and strengthen security and national defense. We should work to both pursue development and ensure security and provide legal support for Chinese modernization. |
| （二）增强人大监督实效。改进监督工作方式方法，切实做到正确监督、有效监督、依法监督。聚焦党的二十大确定的目标任务和党中央重大决策部署，聚焦人民群众所思所盼所愿开展监督。围绕推动高质量发展，听取审议相关工作报告。监督大会批准的重大事项。加大对预算决算审查监督力度。强化国有资产管理情况监督。加强对执法、监察、司法工作的监督。 | 2. Enhancing the effectiveness of oversight
We should improve our methods for carrying out oversight and make sure that oversight is conducted in an appropriate, effective, and lawful way. We should focus our oversight on the targets and tasks set at the Party’s 20th National Congress and the major decisions and plans made by the Party Central Committee. We should align our oversight with the people’s concerns, expectations, and wishes. In hearing and deliberating reports, we should maintain our focus on advancing high-quality development. We should conduct oversight of the major matters approved at this session. We should strengthen examination and oversight of government budgets and final accounts and enhance oversight over state-owned asset management, implementation of laws, supervision, and judicial work. |
| （三）提升代表工作水平。提高代表议案建议办理质量和实效，强化办理过程管理和跟踪督办力度，完善代表建议重点督办机制。完善常委会组成人员联系代表机制，健全专门委员会、工作委员会联系相关领域、具有相关专业知识代表的工作机制，扩大代表对常委会工作的参与。密切代表同人民群众的联系，加强和改进闭会期间代表活动，持续推进代表联系人民群众的工作机制和平台建设。加强代表履职学习培训，提升代表履职能力。 | 3. Improving deputy-related work
We should raise the quality and effectiveness of our processing of deputies’ proposals and suggestions, strengthen process management and follow-up supervision, and improve our supervision mechanisms for the handling of key suggestions. We should improve the mechanisms for Standing Committee members to get in touch with deputies and the working mechanisms through which special committees and working commissions and committees maintain contact with deputies from relevant fields or with relevant professional knowledge, and we should encourage more deputies to participate in the work of the Standing Committee. We should work to foster closer ties between deputies and the people, improve activities for deputies when the NPC is not in session, and make continued efforts to build working mechanisms and platforms to facilitate communications between deputies and the people. We should step up training of deputies to help them better perform their duties. |
| （四）做好人大对外交往。全力配合党和国家外交布局，完成党中央交给人大的外事工作任务。加强全国人大与外国议会的多层次多形式多领域交往，夯实双边关系的民意基础和法律保障。积极参与多边议会组织活动，展示中国形象，宣介中国主张。充分发挥全国人大各级发言人机制作用，在涉及国家核心利益和重大原则问题上勇于发声、敢于斗争。 | 4. Engaging in international exchanges
We should spare no efforts in supporting the diplomatic agenda set by the Party and the country and complete the foreign affairs tasks entrusted to the NPC by the Party Central Committee. We should strengthen exchanges between the NPC and parliaments of other countries on multiple levels and in various ways and areas, in order to lay solid social and legal foundations for advancing bilateral relations. We should take an active part in activities organized by multilateral parliamentary organizations to present China to the world and communicate China’s propositions. We should make full use of spokespeople at all levels of the NPC to speak out and stand up for China on issues concerning our core national interests and major matters of principle. |
| （五）加强常委会自身建设。全面学习、全面把握、全面落实党的二十大精神，以政治建设为统领，提高政治判断力、政治领悟力、政治执行力。提升履职能力，增强法治观念，发挥专门委员会、工作委员会作用，加强机关服务保障能力建设。 | 4. Strengthening self-improvement efforts
We should thoroughly study, understand, and apply the guiding principles from the Party’s 20th National Congress and enhance our political judgment, understanding, and implementation in line with the overarching principle of strengthening ourselves politically. We should improve our ability to carry out our duties, immerse ourselves in the rule of law, give full play to the roles of special committees and working commissions and committees, and strengthen the capacity of the NPC bodies to provide quality services and support. |
| 各位代表，我们要更加紧密地团结在以习近平同志为核心的党中央周围，深入贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，坚定信心、同心同德，埋头苦干、奋勇前行，为全面建设社会主义现代化国家、全面推进中华民族伟大复兴而团结奋斗！ | Fellow Deputies,
Let us rally more closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core and thoroughly apply Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. Let us build firm confidence, unite as one, and forge ahead with resolve. And let us strive in unity to build a modern socialist country in all respects and advance national rejuvenation on all fronts. |
本作品是中华人民共和国的法律、法规，国家机关的决议、决定、命令和其他具有立法、行政、司法性质的文件，及其官方正式译文。根据《中华人民共和国著作权法》第五条，本作品不适用于该法，在中国大陆和其他地区属于公有领域。
注：中文维基文库社群认为，中华人民共和国公务演讲，不总是具有立法、行政、司法性质的文件。
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